| |
| United States Patent
|
6,968,627 |
| McAllester |
November 29, 2005 |
Slope determination system
Abstract
A hand-held system for determining the slope of an element having
an irregular surface, such as a shingled roof, or along a surface
that is partially obscured by adjacent elements. The system
comprises an inclinometer having a double indicator to provide two
simultaneous readings of slope.
| Inventors: |
McAllester; Craig L.
(Peoria, AZ) |
| Appl. No.:
|
10/731,527 |
| Filed: |
December 8, 2003 |
| Current U.S.
Class: |
33/397 ;
33/344; 33/451 |
| Current
International Class: |
G01C 009/12 ();
G01B 003/56 () |
| Field of
Search: |
33/391,344,397,399,401,404,407,451 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent
Documents
Primary Examiner: Fulton; Christopher W.
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Stoneman Law Offices, Ltd. Stoneman; Martin L.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
The present application claims priority from prior provisional
application Ser. No. 60/432,303, filed Dec. 9, 2002, entitled "A
DEVICE FOR MEASURING PITCH OR SLOPE OF A ROOF, SLAB, WALK WAY,
PLUMBING LINES, FORMS, OR OTHER SLOPING MEMBERS AS USED IN THE
CONSTRUCTION FIELD"; prior provisional application Ser. No.
60/447,063, filed Feb. 13, 2003, entitled "SLOPE DETERMINATION
SYSTEM"; and prior provisional application Ser. No. 60/460,373,
filed Apr. 4, 2003, entitled "SLOPE DETERMINATION SYSTEM"; the
contents of all of which are incorporated herein by this reference
and are not admitted to be prior art with respect to the present
invention by the mention in this cross-reference section.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A slope determination system, for determining a slope of an
element, comprising in combination: a) calibrated indicia means for
providing a calibrated indication of slope; b) multiple-indicator
means for providing at least two simultaneous indications with
respect to said calibrated indicia means; c) gravity-assisted
positioner means for maintaining, essentially by gravity, the
position of said multiple-indicator means with respect to vertical;
d) abutting means for abutting the element having the slope to be
determined; and e) geometry-control means for controlling the
geometry of said calibrated indicia means relative to said abutting
means; f) wherein said geometry-control means comprises protective
cover means for protectively covering said multiple-indicator means;
g) wherein said protective cover means comprises visual access mean
for permitting visual access to said multiple-indicator means; h)
wherein said protective cover means comprises said calibrated
indicia means; i) wherein said calibrated indicia means designates
at least one slope defined by a measure of vertical rise over a
measure of horizontal run; and j) wherein, by using said abutting
means to abut the element, the slope of the element may be
determined by observing at least one of the at least two
simultaneous indications of said multiple-indicator means.
2. A slope determination system, for determining a slope of an
element, comprising in combination: a) calibrated indicia adapted to
provide a calibrated indication of slope; b) at least one
multiple-indicator, having at least one first pointer portion and at
least one second pointer portion, to provide at least two
simultaneous indications with respect to said calibrated indicia; c)
at least one gravity-assisted positioner to maintain, essentially by
gravity, the position of said at least one multiple-indicator with
respect to vertical; d) at least one abutter structured and arranged
to abut the element having the slope to be determined; and e) at
least one geometry-controller to control the geometry of said
calibrated indicia relative to said at least one abutter; f) wherein
said at least one geometry-controller comprises at least one
protective cover adapted to protectively cover said at least one
multiple-indicator; g) wherein said at least one protective cover
comprises at least one transparent portion to permit visual access
to said at least one multiple-indicator; h) wherein said at least
one protective cover comprises said calibrated indicia; i) wherein
said calibrated indicia designates at least one slope defined by a
measure of vertical rise over a measure of horizontal run; and j)
wherein, by using said at least one abutter to abut the element, the
slope of the element may be determined by observing at least one of
the at least two simultaneous indications of said at least one
multiple-indicator.
3. The slope determination system, according to claim 2, wherein: a)
said calibrated indicia comprise at least one first calibrated scale
and at least one second calibrated scale; b) said at least one first
calibrated scale and said at least one second calibrated scale are
substantially similar in calibration; and c) said calibrated indicia
are structured and arranged such that said first pointer portion
provides at least one such indication (of such at least two
indications) with respect to said at least one first calibrated
scale, and said second pointer portion provides at least one
simultaneous such indication with respect to said at least one
second calibrated scale.
4. The slope determination system, according to claim 3, wherein
each of said at least one two calibrated scales is between about two
and about twelve inches in diameter.
5. The slope determination system, according to claim 3, wherein at
least one scale portion of said at least one first calibrated scale
is viewable from a position above said slope determination system.
6. The slope determination system, according to claim 3, wherein at
least one portion of said at least one calibrated scale is printed
on at least one rigid frame.
7. The slope determination system, according to claim 3, wherein at
least one portion of said at least one calibrated scale is printed
on at least one replaceable dial.
8. The slope determination system, according to claim 3, wherein
said at least one protective cover comprises at least one
substantially transparent material.
9. The slope determination system, according to claim 3, wherein
said at least one protective cover is replaceable.
10. The slope determination system, according to claim 3, wherein
said calibrated indicia designates at least one slope defined by at
least one rise over at least one run.
11. The slope determination system, according to claim 10, wherein
said calibrated indicia designates at least one slope defined by at
least one distance of rise in inches over a run of twelve-inches.
12. The slope determination system, according to claim 11, wherein
said calibrated indicia further designates at least one slope having
a run of one-eighth-inch and a rise of twelve-inches.
13. The slope determination system, according to claim 3, wherein
said calibrated indicia further designates at least one slope
defined by angular degrees.
14. The slope determination system, according to claim 3, wherein
said calibrated indicia further designates at least one slope
defined by percent of slope.
15. The slope determination system, according to claim 3, wherein
said calibrated indicia further comprise at least one calibrated
scale defining at least one position of verticality.
16. The slope determination system, according to claim 3, wherein
said calibrated indicia further comprise at least one calibrated
scale defining at least one position of plumb.
17. The slope determination system, according to claim 3, wherein
said calibrated indicia further comprise at least one calibrated
scale defining at least one position of level.
18. The slope determination system, according to claim 2, wherein:
a) said calibrated indicia comprise at least one first calibrated
scale and at least one second calibrated scale; b) said at least one
first calibrated scale and said at least one second calibrated scale
arc calibrated differently; and c) said calibrated indicia is
structured and arranged such that said first pointer portion
provides such at least one indication with respect to said at least
one first calibrated scale, and said second pointer portion provides
such at least one simultaneous indication with respect to said at
least one second calibrated scale.
19. The slope determination system, according to claim 2, wherein:
a) said at least one substantially rigid frame comprises at least
one axle; b) said at least one multiple-indicator comprises pointer
portions comprising first pointer portions and second pointer
portions; and c), said first pointer portions and said second
pointer portions are pivotally-mounted with respect to said at least
one substantially rigid frame on said at least one axle.
20. The slope determination system, according to claim 19, wherein:
a) one said first pointer portion and one said second pointer
portion are located along a longitudinal axis of said
multiple-indicator; and b) said at least one axle crosses
transversely along at least one point along such longitudinal axis.
21. The slope determination system, according to claim 19, wherein
said at least one first pointer portion is viewable from a position
above said slope determination system.
22. The slope determination system, according to claim 2, wherein:
a) said at least one gravity-assisted positioner comprises at least
one weight having a center of gravity; and b) said at least one
weight is coupled to said multiple-indicator such that the center of
gravity of said at least one gravity-assisted positioner is not
located on said at least one axle.
23. The slope determination system, according to claim 2, wherein
said at least one gravity-assisted positioner comprises at least one
rotatable gauge comprising at least one rotatable scale mounted in
said at least one substantially rigid frame.
24. The slope determination system, according to claim 23, wherein
said at least one substantially rigid frame comprises at least one
gauge-brake structured and arranged to hold the position of said at
least one rotatable gauge by engaging said at least one gauge-brake
and to release said at least one rotatable gauge by disengaging said
at least one gauge-brake.
25. The slope determination system, according to claim 2, wherein
said at least one abutter comprises at least one laser pointer.
26. The slope determination system, according to claim 2, wherein
said at least one geometry controller comprises at least one
substantially rigid frame.
27. The slope determination system, according to claim 26, wherein
said at least one abutter comprises at least one essentially flat
side of said at least one substantially rigid frame.
28. The slope determination system, according to claim 27, wherein
said at least one abutter further comprises at least one angled
rigid metal bar.
29. The slope determination system, according to claim 27, wherein
said at least one abutter has a length of about 24 inches.
30. The slope determination system, according to claim 27, wherein
said at least one abutter comprises at least one laser pointer
structured and arranged to visually extend at least one longitudinal
axis of said at least one abutter.
31. The slope determination system, according to claim 26, wherein
said at least one substantially rigid frame further comprises at
least one cavity adapted to contain said at least one
multiple-indicator and said calibrated indicia.
32. The slope determination system, according to claim 31, wherein
said at least one substantially rigid frame comprises plastic.
33. The slope determination system, according to claim 31, wherein
said at least one substantially rigid frame comprises metal.
34. The slope determination system, according to claim 31, wherein
said at least one protective cover is substantially transparent.
35. The slope determination system, according to claim 34, wherein
said at least one protective cover comprises at least one first
calibrated scale and at least one second calibrated scale.
36. The slope determination system, according to claim 34, wherein
said at least one protective cover is replaceable by a user.
37. The slope determination system, according to claim 31, wherein
said at least one cavity is between about two and about twelve
inches in diameter.
38. The slope determination system, according to claim 26, wherein
said at least one substantially rigid frame comprises at least one
grip assister adapted to assist a user in gripping said system.
39. The slope determination system, according to claim 38, wherein:
a) said at least one grip assister comprises at least one aperture
through said at least one substantially rigid frame; and b) said at
least one aperture is adapted to pass at least one portion of a hand
of the user.
40. The slope determination system, according to claim 26, wherein
said at least one substantially rigid frame is about 24 inches long.
41. The slope determination system, according to claim 26, wherein
said at least one substantially rigid frame is about 36 inches long.
Description
BACKGROUND
This invention relates to providing a hand-held system for improved
measurement of slope. More specifically, this invention relates to
providing a convenient means for measuring the slope of an element
having an irregular surface (such as a shingled roof) or along a
surface that is partially obscured by adjacent elements (such as in
groups of piping).
It is often necessary, in the field of building and construction, to
determine the slope of an existing building element or to establish
a slope during the installation of new construction components.
Tradesmen have historically used several techniques to determine the
slopes of building elements.
A common technique, such as to establish the slope of a roof,
involves placing one end of a bubble-type level on a first point of
the roof surface, setting the level to horizontal, measuring out a
set horizontal distance from the first point to a second point,
followed by taking a vertical measurement from the second point to a
lower third point on the roof surface. This type of slope
measurement is commonly referred to as determining the "rise over
run" of the roof. In the United States, the "rise over run" is
typically recorded as a ratio of measured inches of vertical "rise"
over twelve inches of horizontal "run". This type of rise over run
determination is both time-consuming and cumbersome, requiring at
least two separate measuring devices and a number of sequential
measuring steps. Further, the operation must be performed on a
sloping, typically elevated roof, putting the safety of the
tradesman at risk.
A second method of slope determination involves the use of an
inclinometer. Inclinometers typically operate using a pivoting
pointer that aligns, by gravity, to a fixed scale, and is accurate
within one to two degrees. No known prior hand-held inclinometers
have been arranged to display more than one indication of slope or
to provide multiple simultaneous viewable readings from a single
instrument, and are, therefore, of limited value when attempting to
read portions of the inclinometer that are obscured by adjacent
building elements (e.g., pipes and/or roof fascia members). Further,
no known prior hand-held inclinometers have permitted accurate
measurement of slope over an irregular surface, such as a shingled
roof surface, without the use of a separate elongated spanning
member, such as a rod or board.
To determine zero slope (level) and 90 degree slope (plumb), bubble
levels and plumb lines are typically used. No known prior hand-held
inclinometers are designed to be used to measure plumb and level.
It would be useful to have a slope measuring system that utilizes a
readable scale in multiple positions. It would also be useful to
have such a scale that utilizes easier point-marking means, such as
a laser-pointer. It would also be useful to have such a scale that
is easily replaceable with another scale. It would further be useful
to have a slope measuring system that is accurate to one-half of a
degree. It would even further be useful to have a slope measuring
system that measures plumb and level.
OBJECTS AND FEATURES OF THE INVENTION
A primary object and feature of the present invention is to provide
a slope determination system to overcome the above-mentioned
problems.
It is a further object and feature of the present invention to
provide such a slope determination system that provides multiple,
simultaneous, and direct readings of the slope measurement.
It is a further object and feature of the present invention to
provide such a slope determination system that displays multiple
direct readings of a slope defined by a dimensional rise over a
dimensional run.
It is a further object and feature of the present invention to
provide such a slope determination system that is substantially
unitary in form.
It is a further object and feature of the present invention to
provide such a slope determination system that is capable of
measuring slope over an irregular surface.
It is a further object and feature of the present invention to
provide such a system that is capable of determining slope along a
surface that is partially obscured by adjacent elements (such as in
groups of piping).
It is a further object and feature of the present invention to
provide such a system that is easily gripped by the operator to
facilitate ease of use and safety.
It is a further object and feature of the present invention to
provide such a system that uses a laser-pointer marking system.
It is a further object and feature of the present invention to
provide such a system having scales in any required unit of measure.
It is a further object and feature of the present invention to
provide such a system having replaceable scales.
It is a further object and feature of the present invention to
provide such a system that is useful to measure plumb and a level.
It is a further object and feature of the present invention to
provide such a system that is accurate within one-half of a degree.
A further primary object and feature of the present invention is to
provide such a system that is efficient, inexpensive and handy.
Other objects and features of this invention will become apparent
with reference to the following descriptions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with a preferred embodiment hereof, this invention
provides a slope determination system for determining a slope of an
element, comprising in combination: calibrated indicia means for
providing a calibrated indication of slope; multiple-indicator means
for providing at least two simultaneous indications with respect to
such calibrated indicia means; gravity-assisted positioner means for
maintaining, essentially by gravity, the position of such
multiple-indicator means with respect to vertical; abutting means
for abutting the element having the slope to be determined; and
geometry-control means for controlling the geometry of such
calibrated indicia means relative to such abutting means; wherein,
by using such abutting means to abut the element, the slope of the
element may be determined by observing at least one of the at least
two simultaneous indications of such multiple-indicator means.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this
invention provides a slope determination system for determining a
slope of an element, comprising in combination: calibrated indicia
to provide a calibrated indication of slope; at least one
multiple-indicator to provide at least two simultaneous indications
with respect to such calibrated indicia; at least one
gravity-assisted positioner to maintain, essentially by gravity, the
position of such at least one multiple-indicator with respect to
vertical; at least one abutter structured and arranged to abut the
element having the slope to be determined; and at least one
geometry-controller to control the geometry of such calibrated
indicia relative to such at least one abutter; wherein, by using
such at least one abutter to abut the element, the slope of the
element may be determined by observing at least one of the at least
two simultaneous indications of such at least one
multiple-indicator.
Moreover, it provides such a slope determination system, wherein:
such calibrated indicia comprises at least one first calibrated
scale and at least one second calibrated scale; such at least one
first calibrated scale and such at least one second calibrated scale
are substantially similar in calibration; and such calibrated
indicia is structured and arranged such that such first pointer
portion provides such at least one indication with respect to such
at least one first calibrated scale, and such second pointer portion
provides such at least one simultaneous indication with respect to
such at least one second calibrated scale.
Additionally, it provides such a slope determination system, wherein
such at least one calibrated scale is between about two and about
twelve inches in diameter. Also, it provides such a slope
determination system, wherein at least a portion of such at least
one first calibrated scale is viewable from a position above such
slope determination system. In addition, it provides such a slope
determination system, wherein such at least one calibrated scale is
printed on at least one rigid frame. And, it provides such a slope
determination system, wherein such at least one calibrated scale is
printed on at least one replaceable dial. Further, it provides such
a slope determination system, wherein such at least one calibrated
scale is printed on at least one protective cover. Even further, it
provides such a slope determination system, wherein such at least
one calibrated scale is printed on at least one replaceable
protective cover.
Moreover, it provides such a slope determination system, wherein
such calibrated indicia designates at least one slope defined by at
least one rise over at least one run. Additionally, it provides such
a slope determination system, wherein such calibrated indicia
designates at least one slope defined by at least one distance of
rise over a run of twelve-inches. Also, it provides such a slope
determination system, wherein such calibrated indicia designates at
least one slope having a run of one-eighth-inch and a rise of
twelve-inches. In addition, it provides such a slope determination
system, wherein such calibrated indicia designates at least one
slope defined by angular degrees. And, it provides such a slope
determination system, wherein such calibrated indicia designates at
least one slope defined by percent of slope.
Further, it provides such a slope determination system, wherein such
calibrated indicia further comprises at least one calibrated scale
defining at least one position of verticality. Even further, it
provides such a slope determination system, wherein such calibrated
indicia further comprises at least one calibrated scale defining at
least one position of plumb. Moreover, it provides such a slope
determination system, wherein such calibrated indicia further
comprises at least one calibrated scale defining at least one
position of level.
Additionally, it provides such a slope determination system,
wherein: such calibrated indicia comprises at least one first
calibrated scale and at least one second calibrated scale; such at
least one first calibrated scale and such at least one second
calibrated scale are calibrated differently; and such calibrated
indicia is structured and arranged such that such first pointer
portion provides such at least one indication with respect to such
at least one first calibrated scale, and such second pointer portion
provides such at least one simultaneous indication with respect to
such at least one second calibrated scale.
Also, it provides such a slope determination system, wherein: such
at least one substantially rigid frame comprises at least one axle;
such at least one multiple-indicator comprises pointer portions
comprising first pointer portions and second pointer portions; and
such first pointer portions and such second pointer portions are
pivotally-mounted to such at least one substantially rigid frame on
such at least one axle. In addition, it provides such a slope
determination system, wherein: one such first pointer portion and
one such second pointer portion are located along a longitudinal
axis; and such at least one axle crosses transversely along at least
one point along the longitudinal axis. And, it provides such a slope
determination system, wherein at least a portion of such at least
one first pointer portion is viewable from a position above such
slope determination system.
Further, it provides such a slope determination system, wherein:
such at least one gravity-assisted positioner comprises at least one
weight having a center of gravity; and such at least one weight is
coupled to such multiple-pointer such that the center of gravity of
such at least one gravity-assisted positioner is not located on such
at least one axle.
Even further, it provides such a slope determination system, wherein
such at least one gravity-assisted positioner comprises a rotatable
gauge mounted in such at least one substantially rigid frame.
Moreover, it provides such a slope determination system, wherein
such at least one substantially rigid frame comprises a gauge-brake
structured and arranged to hold the position of such rotatable gauge
by engaging such gauge-brake and release such rotatable gauge by
disengaging such gauge-brake.
Additionally, it provides such a slope determination system, wherein
such at least one abutter comprises at least one laser pointer.
Also, it provides such a slope determination system, wherein such at
least one geometry controller comprises at least one substantially
rigid frame. In addition, it provides such a slope determination
system, wherein such at least one abutter comprises at least one
essentially flat side of such at least one substantially rigid
frame. And, it provides such a slope determination system, wherein
such at least one abutter further comprises a angled rigid metal
bar. Further, it provides such a slope determination system, wherein
such at least one abutter has a length of about 24 inches. Even
further, it provides such a slope determination system, wherein such
at least one abutter comprises at least one laser pointer structured
and arranged to visually extend at least one longitudinal axis of
such at least one abutter.
Moreover, it provides such a slope determination system, wherein
such at least one substantially rigid frame further comprises at
least one cavity adapted to contain such at least one
multiple-indicator and such at least one viewable display of
calibrated indicia. Additionally, it provides such a slope
determination system, wherein such at least one substantially rigid
frame comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:
plastic, wood, and metal.
Also, it provides such a slope determination system, further
comprising: at least one protective cover for protectively covering
such at least one cavity; wherein such at least one protective cover
is substantially transparent. In addition, it provides such a slope
determination system, wherein such at least one protective cover
comprises at least one first calibrated scale and at least one
second calibrated scale. And, it provides such a slope determination
system, wherein such at least one protective cover is replaceable by
a user. Further, it provides such a slope determination system,
wherein such at least one cavity is between about two and about
twelve inches in diameter. Even further, it provides such a slope
determination system, wherein such at least one substantially rigid
frame comprises at least one grip assister adapted to assist a user
in gripping such system. Even further, it provides such a slope
determination system, wherein: such at least one grip assister
comprises at least one aperture through such at least one
substantially rigid frame; and such at least one aperture is adapted
to pass at least one portion of a hand of the user. Even further, it
provides such a slope determination system, wherein such at least
one substantially rigid frame is about 24 inches long. Even further,
it provides such a slope determination system, wherein such at least
one substantially rigid frame is about 36 inches long.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this
invention provides a slope determination system for determining a
slope of an element, comprising in combination: at least one
substantially rigid frame; wherein such at least one substantially
rigid frame comprises, at least one substantially flat surface
adapted to abut the element having the slope to be determined, at
least one inclinometer held in fixed relationship with such at least
one substantially flat surface, and at least one grip assister
adapted to assist a user in gripping such at least one substantially
rigid frame; wherein such at least one grip assister comprises at
least one aperture through such at least one substantially rigid
frame, and wherein such at least one aperture is adapted to pass at
least one portion of a hand of the user.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this
invention provides an inclinometer calibrated to measure slope
comprising at least one representation of at least one roof to
indicate that the inclinometer is calibrated for measuring roof
slope.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a front-facing elevation view illustrating
multiple uses of the slope determination tool of the slope
determination system according to a preferred embodiment of the
present invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates a close-up view of the indicator gauge of the
slope determination tool according to the preferred embodiment of
FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 illustrates a front-facing elevation view of the slope
determination tool according to a preferred embodiment of the
present invention.
FIG. 4 illustrates a side view of the slope determination tool of
FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 illustrates a close-up view of the indicator gauge of the
slope determination tool of FIG. 2 illustrating a calibrated scale
according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 illustrates a sectional view through section 6--6 of FIG. 3.
FIG. 6A illustrates a sectional view through section 6--6 of FIG. 3
illustrating an alternate embodiment of the indicator gauge of FIG.
6.
FIG. 7 illustrates a front-facing view, partially in section, of the
slope determination tool and rotatable indicator gauge according to
another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 illustrates a sectional view through section 8--8 of FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 illustrates a front-facing perspective view of the slope
determination tool utilizing a laser pointer according to another
preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 illustrates a partial sectional detail view, as viewed
through the longitudinal centerline of the slope determination tool
laser pointer of FIG. 9.
FIG. 11 illustrates a front view of another preferred embodiment of
a slope determination tool comprising a top-readable gauge according
to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 illustrates a front view of an alternate preferred
embodiment illustrating the large top-readable gauge.
FIG. 13 illustrates a side view of the slope determination tool of
FIG. 11.
FIG. 14 illustrates a side view of the slope determination tool of
FIG. 12.
FIG. 15 illustrates a close-up view of an alternate indicator gauge
of the slope determination tool of FIG. 2 illustrating a different
calibrated scale according to a preferred embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 16 illustrates a close-up view of an alternate indicator gauge
of the slope determination tool of FIG. 2 illustrating a different
calibrated scale according to a preferred embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 17 illustrates a front-facing elevation view of the slope
determination tool according to another preferred embodiment of the
present invention.
FIG. 18 illustrates a close-up view of the indicator gauge of the
slope determination tool of FIG. 17 illustrating a calibrated scale
according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 19 illustrates a sectional view through section 19--19 of FIG.
17.
FIG. 20 illustrates a close-up view of an alternate indicator gauge
of the slope determination tool of FIG. 17 illustrating a different
calibrated scale according to a preferred embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 21 illustrates a close-up view of an alternate indicator gauge
of the slope determination tool of FIG. 17 illustrating a different
calibrated scale according to a preferred embodiment of the present
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE BEST MODE AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF
THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 illustrates a front-facing elevation view illustrating
multiple uses of the slope determination tool 100 of the slope
determination system 101 according to a preferred embodiment of the
present invention. FIG. 1 illustrates two typical examples using the
slope determination tool 100 of the slope determination system 101
positioned to take field measurements of the slope of roof 102,
according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Preferably, slope determination tool 100 comprises a single linear
frame 105 (embodying herein at least one substantially rigid frame)
having one essentially flat face 107 along one side, and a
circular-shaped indicator gauge 106 adapted to provide two
simultaneous readings of a slope, as shown. Preferably, the slope
determination tool 100 is fully functional in a three hundred and
sixty degrees range of slope positions, including the upright
position 100a, and inverted position 10b, as shown. In the first
example of FIG. 1, the slope determination tool 100 is depicted
resting on the upper surface 108 of roof 102 in upright position
100a. Roof 102 is shown sheathed with shingles 104 having a tapered
cross sectional profile (common in shingles made from wood or
stone). The preferred extended length of face 107 permits slope
determination tool 100 to simultaneously rest over a number of
shingles 104, thereby preferably permitting slope determination tool
100 to closely conform to the slope of the underlying substrate, as
shown.
In the second example of FIG. 1, the improved functionality of slope
determination tool 100 is demonstrated by a slope measurement taken
along the underside 114 of roof member 112, while slope
determination tool 100 is in inverted position 10b. Preferably, in
most instances, slope determination tool 100 permits the user to
observe a reading of slope while indicator gauge 106 is in a
partially obscured position, as shown. As illustrated in the second
example of FIG. 1, irregular decorative shaping prevents a direct
measurement of roof slope to be taken from fascia member 116. Slope
determination tool 100 is shown behind fascia 116 positioned along
the underside 114 of an underlying roof member 112. Although fascia
116 covers and therefore obscures the upper portion of indicator
gauge 106, a reading of slope is possible using the visible lower
portion of indicator gauge 106, as shown (embodying herein wherein,
by using such abutting means to abut the element, the slope of the
element may be determined by observing at least one of the at least
two simultaneous indications of such multiple-indicator means).
FIG. 2 illustrates a close-up view of the indicator gauge 106 of the
slope determination tool 100 according to the preferred embodiment
of FIG. 1. Preferably, indicator gauge 106 comprises indicator 120
and one or more calibrated scale(s) 126, as shown (embodying herein
calibrated indicia means for providing a calibrated indication of
slope, and further embodying herein calibrated indicia to provide a
calibrated indication of slope). Preferably, indicator 120 is
pivotally-mounted on indicator gauge 106 at pivot axis 132, as
shown. Preferably, indicator 120 comprises two pointer portions,
first pointer portion 122 and second pointer portion 124, as shown
(embodying herein such at least one multiple-indicator comprises
pointer portions comprising first pointer portions and second
pointer portions).
Preferably, first pointer portion 122 and second pointer portion 124
are arranged in opposing orientation, as shown. As shown in FIG. 2,
first pointer portion 122 and second pointer portion 124 preferably
share a common longitudinal axis 131 (embodying herein wherein one
such first pointer portion and one such second pointer portion are
located along a longitudinal axis). In a preferred embodiment of
FIG. 2, pivot axis 132 is preferably located transverse to the
longitudinal axis 131, approximately midway between the tip end(s)
121 of first pointer portion 122 and second pointer portion 124, as
shown (embodying herein wherein such at least one axle crosses
transversely along at least one point along the longitudinal axis).
Indicator 120 preferably further comprises one or more counterweight
portion(s) 134, preferably arranged off-center of pivot axis 132
such that first pointer portion 122 and second pointer portion 124
remain in an essentially constant vertical position by natural
gravity action, as shown (embodying herein gravity-assisted
positioner means for maintaining, essentially by gravity, the
position of such multiple-indicator means with respect to vertical,
and embodying herein at least one gravity-assisted positioner to
maintain, essentially by gravity, the position of such at least one
multiple-indicator with respect to vertical, and further embodying
herein wherein such at least one gravity-assisted positioner
comprises at least one weight having a center of gravity; and such
at least one weight is coupled to such multiple-pointer such that
the center of gravity of such at least one gravity-assisted
positioner is not located on such at least one axle). Preferably,
counterweight portion 134 comprises an integral, preferably
circular-shaped, enlargement of second pointer portion 124, as
shown. Upon reading the teachings of this specification those of
skill in the art will understand that, under appropriate
circumstances, such as cost and ease of fabricating, etc., other
methods of providing a weight bias to indicator 120, such as adhered
weights, inset weights, using different denser materials, etc., may
suffice. Preferably, indicator 120 is constructed of a rigid
moldable plastic, as shown. Upon reading this specification, those
of skill in the art will understand that under appropriate
circumstances, such as durability, cost, user preference, etc.,
other materials for indicator 120, such as metal, wood, etc., may
suffice. This highly preferred double-pointer configuration permits
the pointer portions of indicator 120 to provide two simultaneous
readings of slope by observing the alignments of first pointer
portion 122 and a second pointer portion 124 relative to the
markings 125 of calibrated scale 126, as shown (embodying herein
multiple-indicator means for providing at least two simultaneous
indications with respect to such calibrated indicia means, and
further embodying herein at least one multiple-indicator to provide
at least two simultaneous indications with respect to such
calibrated indicia).
Preferably, calibrated scale 126 comprises first scale 128 and an
identical second scale 130, as shown (embodying herein wherein such
calibrated indicia comprises at least one first calibrated scale and
at least one second calibrated scale; and such at least one first
calibrated scale and such at least one second calibrated scale are
substantially similar in calibration). Preferably, first scale 128
and second scale 130 designate a slope defined by a distance of rise
(in inches or fraction of inches) over twelve inches of run, as
shown. Upon reading this specification those of skill in the art
will understand that under appropriate circumstances, such as
convenience, preferred application, etc., other calibrated scales
and combinations of scales, such as scales in alternate units of
measure, etc., may suffice (embodying herein wherein such at least
one first calibrated scale and such at least one second calibrated
scale are calibrated differently). Preferably, first scale 128 and
second scale 130 are located near the outer circumference of
indicator gauge 106, preferably positioned one-hundred eighty
degrees apart such that indicator 120, while in use, provides two
simultaneous and identical readings of slope, as shown. In the
example of FIG. 2, slope determination tool 100 is again shown
resting on the upper surface 108 of roof 102. First pointer portion
122 is shown aligned with first scale 128 to indicate a slope of
five-inches over a twelve-inch run. Similarly, second pointer
portion 124 is shown aligned with second scale 130 to provide an
identical and simultaneous slope reading of five-inches of rise over
twelve-inches of run. It thus can be appreciated that slope
determination tool 100 provides an efficient arrangement for
obtaining two identical and simultaneous readings of a single slope,
using a single instrument.
FIG. 3 illustrates a front-facing elevation view of the slope
determination tool 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the
present invention. Preferably, slope determination tool 100
comprises a linear, essentially rectangular frame 105, preferably
having an overall length A of about twenty-four inches, and
preferably having a height C of about two-and-one-half inches, as
shown. Preferably, a first side 136 of frame 105 comprises an
essentially flat face 107 to permit slope determination tool 100 to
be aligned with an element to be measured, as shown (herein
embodying abutting means for abutting the element having the slope
to be determined, and embodying herein at least one abutter
structured and arranged to abut the element having the slope to be
determined, and further embodying herein wherein such at least one
abutter comprises at least one essentially flat side of such at
least one substantially rigid frame). Preferably, frame 105
comprises a second side 138 having a roof-shaped portion 140, as
shown. Roof-shaped portion 140 is preferably adapted to aid the user
in distinguishing the function of slope determination tool 100, as
shown (embodying herein an inclinometer calibrated to measure slope
comprising at least one representation of at least one roof to
indicate that the inclinometer is calibrated for measuring roof
slope). Upon reading this specification those of skill in the art
will understand that under appropriate circumstances, such as
consumer preference, cultural iconography, etc., other methods of
distinguishing the function of slope determination tool 100, such as
pictorial depictions, written indicia, etc., may suffice. In the
preferred embodiment of FIG. 3, roof-shaped portion 140 preferably
has a width B of six-inches and height J at peak 142 (as measured
from face 107) of four-and-one-half inches, as shown. Two roof end
portions 144 preferably extend distance H of three-quarters of an
inch from second side 138 to complete the profile, as shown. Each
end 146 of frame 105 preferably comprises a one-inch chamfered
corner 147, preferably located opposite face 107, as shown.
Additionally, frame 105 preferably comprises two gripping apertures
148 adapted to assist a user in gripping frame 105 during transport
and use. Preferably, gripping aperture 148 comprises an elongated
opening having two circular ends 150, each circular end 150 having a
preferred radius R1 of five-eighths of an inch, as shown.
Preferably, the width W of gripping aperture 148 is four inches to
accommodate the passage of a human hand, as shown (embodying herein
wherein such at least one substantially rigid frame comprises at
least one grip assister adapted to assist a user in gripping such
system and wherein; such at least one grip assister comprises at
least one aperture through such at least one substantially rigid
frame; and such at least one aperture is adapted to pass at least
one portion of a hand of the user). Preferably, to assist user
comfort during gripping, all perimeter edges 151 are machined to
provide a small radius or chamfer, as shown.
Frame 105 preferably further comprises indicator gauge 106,
preferably fixed within frame 105 midway between end(s) 146, as
shown. Preferably, calibrated scale 126 of indicator gauge 106 is
calibrated to face 107 such that both are held in a constant
geometric relationship by frame 105, as shown (embodying herein
geometry-control means for controlling the geometry of such
calibrated indicia means relative to such abutting means, and
further embodying herein at least one geometry-controller). Upon
reading this specification those of skill in the art will understand
that under appropriate circumstances, indicator gauge 106 may be
adapted to freely rotate within frame 105 while indicator 120 is
held in a constant geometric relationship with face 107. Frame 105
preferably holds indicator gauge 106 in a constant fixed
relationship with face 107, as shown (embodying herein at least one
inclinometer held in fixed relationship with such at least one
substantially flat surface).
FIG. 4 illustrates a side view of the slope determination tool 100
of FIG. 3. Preferably, the slope determination tool 100 comprises a
relatively thin, essentially rectilinear profile to facilitate
portability and ease of storage, as shown. Preferably, the slope
determination tool 100 comprises a constant cross-sectional
thickness along its length of about three-quarters-inch, as shown.
Further, the rectilinear profile, in combination with the relative
flatness of face 107, preferably permits slope determination tool
100 to be stable and self-supporting in field use, as shown. Upon
reading this specification those of skill in the art will understand
that under appropriate circumstances, such as materials, cost,
preferred use, etc., other profiles, such as square, triangular,
etc., may suffice. Preferably, face 107 comprises a continuous rigid
metal angle 123 (embodying herein wherein such at least one abutter
further comprises a angled rigid metal bar), preferably aluminum,
preferably adapted to provide a flat and durable surface along the
entire length of face 107, as shown. Preferably, angle 123 comprises
a horizontal leg approximately matching the width of face 107, as
shown. Preferably, angle 123 is mechanically fastened to frame 105
with a vertical leg of angle 123 oriented on the side opposite
indicator gauge 106, as shown. Preferably, to assist user comfort
during use, all perimeter edges 151 are machined to provide a small
radius or chamfer, as shown.
Reference is now made to FIG. 5 with continued reference to the
above-described figures. FIG. 5 illustrates a close-up view of the
indicator gauge 106 of the slope determination tool 100 of FIG. 2
illustrating a calibrated scale 126 according to a preferred
embodiment of the present invention. Preferably, calibrated scale
126 comprises two principal scales, a first scale 128 and an
essentially identical second scale 130, as shown. Preferably, first
scale 128 and second scale 130 are arcuate in arrangement, having a
center radius point at pivot axis 132, as shown. First scale 128 and
second scale 130 are preferably located near the outer circumference
152 of indicator gauge 106 to permit interaction with tip end(s) 121
of indicator 120, as shown (see FIG. 2). Preferably, the zero
line(s) 154 (indicating level) of first scale 128 and second scale
130 are positioned exactly one-hundred-eighty degrees apart and are
both perpendicular to face 107, as shown. Preferably, first scale
128 and second scale 130 designate a slope defined by a distance of
rise (in inches or fraction of inches) over twelve-inches of run, as
shown. Preferably, both first scale 128 and second scale 130 provide
readings of up to at least forty-inches of rise per foot of run on
each side of zero line 154, as shown. Upon reading this
specification those of skill in the art will understand that under
appropriate circumstances, such as cost, intended use, intended
user, etc., other scale ranges, such as continuous scales, scales
having lesser ranges, scales having greater ranges, alternate
dimensional formats, etc., may suffice.
Preferably, calibrated scale 126 comprises two secondary scales,
preferably third scale 156 and an essentially-identical fourth scale
158, as shown. Preferably, the zero line(s) 160 (embodying herein
wherein such calibrated indicia further comprises at least one
calibrated scale defining at least one position of verticality) of
third scale 156 and fourth scale 158 are positioned exactly
one-hundred-eighty degrees apart and are both parallel to face 107,
as shown. Third scale 156 and fourth scale 158 preferably provide
readings of one-eighth inch of run per twelve-inches of rise on each
side of zero line(s) 160, as shown. Upon reading this specification
those of skill in the art will understand that under appropriate
circumstances, considering such issues as cost and intended use,
calibrated scale 126 may be rotatable to bring zero line(s) 160
perpendicular with face 107, thereby permitting third scale 156 and
fourth scale 158 to determine a slope of one-eighth inch of rise per
twelve-inches of run.
Calibrated scale 126 preferably includes identifying and explanatory
indicia to assist the user in operating slope determination tool
100, as shown. For example, calibrated scale 126 preferably includes
slope/pitch marking 162 to assist the user in identifying the
function of slope determination tool 100, as shown.
Preferably, calibrated scale 126 is a dial made from rigid printable
plastic. Upon reading this specification those of skill in the art
will understand that under appropriate circumstances, such as cost,
durability, etc., other materials, such as metal, wood, laminate,
paper, etc., may suffice for calibrated scale 126. Preferably,
markings 125 are printed on the surface of calibrated scale 126
using a silk-screen process, as shown. Upon reading this
specification those of skill in the art will understand that under
appropriate circumstances, such as cost, durability, intended use,
etc., other methods of marking calibrated scale 126, such as
etching, integral-raised molding, printing, etc., may suffice.
FIG. 6 illustrates a sectional view through section 6--6 of FIG. 3.
FIG. 6 illustrates the preferred features of a preferred indicator
gauge 106. Preferably, indicator gauge 106 comprises a circular
cavity 164, preferably recessed into frame 105, as shown (embodying
herein wherein such at least one substantially rigid frame further
comprises at least one cavity adapted to contain such at least one
multiple-indicator and such at least one viewable display of
calibrated indicia). Preferably, calibrated scale 126 is firmly
attached to the back portion 166 of cavity 164, preferably by
bonding, as shown. Under appropriate circumstances, calibrated scale
126 may be printed, etched, or molded directly onto back portion 166
of cavity 164. Preferably, indicator 120 is pivotally mounted to
frame 105 using axle 168 located at pivot axis 132, as shown.
Preferably, axle 168 comprises a metal pin, as shown. Preferably,
axle 168 passes through indicator 120 and calibrated scale 126 and
is firmly retained on frame 105, as shown (embodying herein wherein
such at least one substantially rigid frame comprises at least one
axle, and further embodying herein wherein such first pointer
portions and such second pointer portions are pivotally-mounted to
such at least one substantially rigid frame on such at least one
axle). An integral spacer 170 preferably engages over axle 168, as
shown, to position indicator 120 away from calibrated scale 126, to
prevent, for example, accidental frictional contact between
indicator 120 and calibrated scale 126. Upon reading this
specification those of skill in the art will understand that under
appropriate circumstances, such as cost, ease of manufacturing,
etc., other methods of suspending indicator 120 within indicator
gauge 106, such as an axle formed integrally with calibrated scale
126, etc., may suffice.
Preferably, a fixed cover 172, preferably transparent, preferably
constructed of glass, most preferably constructed of plastic,
protects cavity 164, as shown (embodying herein at least one
protective cover for protectively covering such at least one cavity;
wherein such at least one protective cover is substantially
transparent). Cover 172 is preferably recessed into frame 105 to
maintain a flush finish on the exterior of slope determination tool
100, as shown. Preferably, cover 172 is permanently sealed to frame
105. More preferably, cover 172 is removable to permit replacement
of indicator 120, cover 172, and/or calibrated scale 126, as shown.
Preferably, frame 105 is made from a rigid and durable material,
such as plastic, wood, steel or aluminum. Most preferably, frame 105
is made from moldable plastic, as shown. Upon reading this
specification those of skill in the art will understand that under
appropriate circumstances, such as cost, intended use, etc., other
materials, such as carbon, fiber, mixed combinations of the
above-mentioned materials, etc., may suffice.
FIG. 6A illustrates a sectional view through section 6--6 of FIG. 3
illustrating another embodiment 165 of the indicator gauge 106 of
FIG. 6. In embodiment 165, axle 168 is preferably held in place at
longitudinal axle ends 167 and 169, wherein longitudinal axle end
167 is firmly attached to frame 105 and longitudinal axle end 169 is
firmly attached to cover 172, which is preferably transparent, as
shown. Preferably, integral spacer 171 engages over axle 168 to
position indicator 120 away from the calibrated scale 126 to assist
in free movement of the indicator 120 and deter binding between the
indicator 120 and calibrated scale 126, as shown. Other than as
herein described for the alternate embodiment 165 of FIG. 6A, the
other major components of such embodiment 165 are preferably as
described above in FIG. 6.
Upon reading this specification those of skill in the art will
understand that under appropriate circumstances, such as economics,
preferred materials, intended use, etc., other methods of allowing
free movement of the indicator 120, such as bearings, magnets, etc.,
may suffice.
FIG. 7 illustrates a front-facing view, partially in section of the
slope determination tool 100 with a rotatable indicator gauge 178
(embodying herein at least one gravity-assisted positioner comprises
a rotatable gauge mounted in such at least one substantially rigid
frame) according to another preferred embodiment 173 of the present
invention. Preferably, in embodiment 173, the slope determination
tool 100 comprises a rotatable indicator gauge 178, as shown.
Preferably, the rotatable indicator gauge 178 comprises an internal
disc 181 that freely rotates about the fixed axle 168 of the
indicator gauge 178, as shown, as did the indicator 120 rotating
about the axle 168 as in the previously described gauge 106 above.
Preferably, the internal disc 181 comprises a weighted bottom
portion 183, preferably heavier than the top portion 185 and
arranged such that the internal disc 181 will always indicate a
horizontal plane (zero degrees slope) when the indicator gauge 178
is in a perpendicular position (vertical) to the slope determination
tool 100 and the slope determination tool 100 is on a flat and
horizontally level plane (no slope), as shown.
Preferably, cover 172 comprises a fixed mark 180 indicating a
resting point for the indicator gauge 178 such that when a slope is
horizontal the internal disc 181 reading on the calibrated indicia
126 is zero degrees, as shown. Upon reading this specification those
of skill in the art will understand that under appropriate
circumstances, such as cost, readability, intended use, etc., other
ways of applying fixed mark 180, such as engraving, painting,
etching, etc., may suffice. Most preferably, the fixed mark 180 is
permanently etched and colored on cover 172, as shown.
Preferably, in embodiment 173, the slope determination tool 100
further comprises a gauge brake 174 that will hold the internal disc
181 such that, when the gauge brake 174 is engaged, the internal
disc 181 will not move from the position it was in when the gauge
brake 174 was engaged, as shown (embodying herein wherein such at
least one substantially rigid frame comprises a gauge-brake
structured and arranged to hold the position of such rotatable gauge
by engaging such gauge-brake and release such rotatable gauge by
disengaging such gauge-brake). Preferably, the gauge brake 174
assists in determining slope with the slope determination tool 100
when, for example, slope determination tool 100 has to be raised
overhead and used when the rotatable indicator gauge 178 cannot be
seen. In such usage, the user can set the slope determination tool
100 on the slope and apply the gauge brake 174 until the user can
lower the slope determination tool 100 and read the indicator gauge
178. Upon reading this specification those of skill in the art will
understand that under appropriate circumstances, such as location of
the slope to be determined, visual obstacles blocking the users view
of the indicator gauge 178, etc., other types of use, such as from a
position under a slope, over a slope, etc., may suffice.
FIG. 8 illustrates a sectional view through section 8--8 of FIG. 7.
FIG. 8 further illustrates the embodiment 173 combining the
rotatable indicator gauge 178 and gauge brake 174.
Preferably, gauge brake 174 comprises a simple push-button shaft 175
with a return spring 176 and brake-pad assembly 186, as shown.
Preferably, an upper portion 187 of the frame 105 comprises an
aperture 177, preferably slightly larger than the diameter of the
shaft 175 that creates an opening through the upper portion 187 to
the indicator gauge 178 through which the push-button shaft 175 may
be installed, as shown. Preferably, the aperture 177 further
comprises a recessed inner end 195, preferably recessed such that
the brake-pad tip will sit flush into the recessed inner end 195
when in a resting state (not depressed), as shown. Preferably, the
push-button shaft 175 comprises a metal shaft, preferably having an
upper flared flat-button-end 179 and a lower hollow inner-threaded
tip, as shown. Preferably, the brake-pad assembly 186 comprises a
flared flat-bottom end 197 having an external threaded screw portion
184 that threads into the lower hollow inner-threaded tip of the
push-button shaft 175, as shown. Preferably, a brake-pad 199 is
attached to the flared flat-bottom end 197, as shown.
The described gauge brake 174 assembly assists in installing the
gauge brake 174 as the shaft may be placed through spring 176 and
into aperture 177, after which the brake-pad assembly 186 may be
threaded onto the shaft 175, as shown. In such manner the gauge
brake 174 will not fall out of the aperture 177 and the spring will
provide enough room for the brake-pad 199 to move onto the indicator
gauge 178 when depressed and to return into the recessed inner end
195 when in a resting state (not depressed). Upon reading this
specification those of skill in the art will understand that under
appropriate circumstances, such as economics, ease of manufacturing,
etc., other methods of manufacturing and assembling the brake-pad
assembly 186, such as unitary forming of parts, adhesive attaching,
other styles of push-buttons, etc., may suffice.
Upon reading this specification those of skill in the art will
understand that under appropriate circumstances, such as cost,
manufacturing efficiency, accommodation for left-handedness, ease of
use, etc., other arrangements of gauge brake 174, such as different
shapes, styles, sizes, placements and/or different materials, such
as high-density plastics, carbon-fiber, wood, metals, etc., may
suffice.
FIG. 9 illustrates a front-facing perspective view of the slope
determination tool 100 utilizing a laser pointer 190 (embodying
herein wherein such at least one abutter comprises at least one
laser pointer) according to another preferred embodiment 210 of the
present invention. Preferably, laser pointer 190 provides a visual
indicator to assist a user in determining a slope at a distant
point, as shown. For example, when given at least two points 189
(such as might be found if used on a building slab/foundation herein
illustrated as axis X) and point 192 (such as may be located along a
vertical wall herein illustrated as axis Y), the slope determination
tool 100 preferably utilizes laser pointer 190 to determine the
slope between the two points 189 and 192, as shown. Preferably, this
is accomplished by placing one end 212 of the flat planar "level"
portion 214 of the slope determination tool 100 on point 189 (axis
X) and then aiming the laser pointer 190 at the other point 192
(along axis Y), such that a user can then read the subsequent slope
on the indicator gauge 106, as shown.
Furthermore, when given at least one end-point and a desired slope,
the slope determination tool 100 utilizing laser pointer 190 may be
used to determine a second end-point given the slope, as shown.
Preferably, by placing one end 212 of the flat planar "level"
portion 214 of the slope determination tool 100 on point 189 and
then adjusting the angle .alpha. until the indicator gauge 106
indicates the desired slope, the laser pointer 190 may be activated
and will be pointing at the point 192 to illustrate where the point
192 would be with that slope, as shown.
Preferably, laser pointer 190 is mounted onto frame 105 near one
gripping aperture 148 such that actuator button 191 can be easily
depressed by a user's finger 194, as shown. Preferably, when
actuated, laser pointer 190 will emit laser beam 193 that is
parallel to and aligned with the flat planar "level" portion 214 of
first side 136, thereby marking a precise point 192 on axis Y, as
shown (embodying herein wherein such at least one essentially flat
side of such at least one substantially rigid frame comprises at
least one laser pointer structured and arranged to visually extend
at least one longitudinal axis of such at least one essentially flat
side). Preferably, laser pointer 190 is removable and/or
serviceable. Upon reading this specification those of skill in the
art will understand that under appropriate circumstances, such as
cost, manufacturing efficiency, accommodation for left-handedness,
ease of use, etc., other arrangements of laser pointer 190, such as
different shapes, styles, sizes, placements, etc., may suffice.
FIG. 10 illustrates a partial sectional detail view as viewed
through the longitudinal centerline of the slope determination tool
laser pointer of FIG. 9. Preferably, the laser pointer 190 is
secured to frame 105 by setscrews 196 as shown, allowing the laser
198 to be adjusted or removed, for example, to replace the entire
unit or batteries. Upon reading this specification those of skill in
the art will understand that under appropriate circumstances, such
as cost, manufacturing efficiency, accommodation for commonly
available lasers 198, ease of use, etc., other arrangements of laser
pointer 190, such as different shapes, styles, sizes, ways of
securing, placements, etc., may suffice. Preferably, laser beam 193
is parallel to, and aligned with, the flat planar "level" portion
214, as shown. Preferably, a finger-actuator button 191 controls
laser 198 such that, when actuator button 191 is depressed, a laser
beam 193 is emitted from laser 198, as shown. Upon reading this
specification those of skill in the art will understand that under
appropriate circumstances, such as cost, manufacturing efficiency,
accommodation for left-handedness, ease of use, etc., other control
arrangements of actuator button 191 such as different shapes,
styles, sizes, placements, etc., may suffice. FIG. 11 illustrates a
front view of another preferred embodiment of a slope determination
tool 222 comprising a top-readable gauge 224 according to another
preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 illustrates a
side view of the slope determination tool 222 of FIG. 11.
Preferably, slope determination tool 244 utilizes a frame 226 that
holds top-readable gauge 224, as shown. Top-view is understood to
mean that a user looking downward onto the slope determination tool
222 can read the calibrated scale 230. Most preferably, top-view is
further understood to mean that any portion of the entire viewable
peripheral arc 200 of top-readable gauge 224 may be read (embodying
herein wherein at least one of such first pointer portion is
viewable from a position above such calibrated indicia), preferably,
approximately one-hundred-eighty degrees being viewable by a user.
Upon reading this specification those of skill in the art will
understand that under appropriate circumstances, such as cost,
manufacturing efficiency, accommodation for left-handedness, ease of
use, etc., other top view arrangements, such as different shapes,
styles, sizes, materials, etc., may suffice. Preferably, any portion
of markings 232 along the viewable arc 200 is viewable by a user
through cover 171, as shown.
Preferably, the top-readable gauge 224 further comprises dual
pointers 234 that extend over the calibrated scale 230, as shown.
Preferably, the pointers 234 are comprised of 24-gauge or smaller
metal wire and are shaped to wrap around the calibrated scale 230,
so that at least a portion of indicator 120 is also top-readable, as
shown. Upon reading this specification those of skill in the art
will understand that under appropriate circumstances, such as cost,
manufacturing efficiency, ease of use, etc., other arrangements of
pointer 234, such as different shapes, styles, sizes, materials,
etc., may suffice.
FIG. 12 illustrates a front view of an alternate preferred
embodiment illustrating a large top-readable gauge 242. FIG. 14 is a
side view of the slope determination tool 244 of FIG. 12.
Preferably, slope determination tool 244 comprises a very large
top-readable gauge 242, preferably comprising more increments of
measure, greater accuracy, and larger markings 246 than slope
determination tool 222 to allow for more precise determinations of
slope, as shown. Upon reading this specification those of skill in
the art will understand that under appropriate circumstances, such
as cost, manufacturing efficiency, ease of use, etc., other
arrangements of large gauge 242, such as different shapes, styles,
sizes, markings 125, etc., may suffice.
It is noted that the slope determination tool 244 comprises
similarities to slope determination tool 222 in that both
embodiments comprise a top-readable gauge and may be used to
determine slope, as shown.
FIG. 15 illustrates a close-up view of an alternate calibrated scale
850 for the slope determination tool of FIG. 2. Preferably,
calibrated scale 850 indicates slope in degrees on outer scale 851,
and rise (in inches) over 12 inches of run on inner scale 852, as
shown. Preferably, calibrated scale 850 is printed, etched, or
molded onto indicator gauge 106 or cover 172, as shown. Preferably,
calibrated scale 850 is removable and replaceable.
FIG. 16 illustrates a close-up view of an alternate calibrated scale
860 for the slope determination tool of FIG. 2. Preferably,
calibrated scale 860 indicates slope in degrees on outer scale 861,
and ratio of rise to run on inner scale 862, and percent of slope on
inset scale 863. Preferably, calibrated scale 860 is printed,
etched, or molded onto indicator gauge 106 or cover 172, as shown.
Preferably, calibrated scale 860 is removable and replaceable.
FIG. 17 illustrates a front-facing elevation view of the slope
determination tool according to another preferred embodiment of the
present invention. Preferably, slope determination tool 870
comprises a linear, essentially rectangular frame 705, preferably
having an overall length A of at least about thirty-six inches, and
preferably having a height C of at least about eight-and-one-half
inches, as shown. Preferably, frame 705 is metal, preferably
aluminum, as shown. By increasing the size of at least one of the
radius of circular cavity 874, the radius of calibrated scale 871,
and the overall length A, greater accuracy is achieved, as shown.
The inventor has determined that when calibrated scale 871 is
preferably at least about eight inches in diameter and length A is
preferably at least about 36 inches, an accuracy of at least one
half of one degree is achieved, as shown. This high degree of
accuracy is especially useful to professional contractors and
building inspectors. Preferably, this high degree of accuracy
permits slope determination tool 870 to be used as a plumb line and
as a level, as shown. Other than as herein described for the
alternate embodiment 870 of FIG. 17, the other major components of
such embodiment 870 are preferably as described above in FIG. 6.
FIG. 18 illustrates a close-up view of the indicator gauge of the
slope determination tool 870 of FIG. 17 illustrating a calibrated
scale 871 according to a preferred embodiment of the present
invention. Calibrated scale 871 preferably indicates slope in
degrees on inner scale 881, rise over twelve-inches of run on outer
scale 882, plumb on inset scale 883, and level on inset scale 884,
as shown. Preferably, calibrated scale 871 may be printed, etched,
or molded onto indicator gauge 106 or, most preferably, onto cover
172, as shown. Preferably, calibrated scale 871 is removable and
replaceable, as shown. Cover 172, preferably having calibrated scale
871, is preferably attached to frame 705 with set-screws 885, as
shown. Cover 172 is preferably properly aligned with frame 705 by
alignment grooves 886 and set-screws 885, as shown. Cover 172,
having calibrated scale 871, is preferably easily removed and
replaced by removing and replacing set-screws 885. Upon reading this
specification those of ordinary skill in the art will understand
that under appropriate circumstances, such as cost, ease of
manufacturing, etc., other means of accurately aligning and securing
cover 172, such as clips, friction, screw-on covers, etc., may
suffice.
FIG. 19 illustrates a sectional view through section 19--19 of FIG.
17. FIG. 17 details how set-screws 885 preferably attach cover 172,
preferably having calibrated scale 871, to frame 705, as shown.
FIG. 20 illustrates a close-up view of an alternate indicator gauge
of the slope determination tool of FIG. 17 illustrating a different
calibrated scale 1200 according to a preferred embodiment of the
present invention. Calibrated scale 1200, which is preferably sized
to fit the eight-inch cover 172 of embodiment 870, preferably
indicates slope in degrees on outer scale 1201, plumb on inset scale
1203, and level on inset scale 1204, as shown. Calibrated scale 1200
is preferably printed, etched, or molded onto indicator gauge 106,
or, most preferably, replaceable cover 172, as shown.
FIG. 21 illustrates a close-up view of an alternate indicator gauge
of the slope determination tool of FIG. 17 illustrating a different
calibrated scale 1210 according to a preferred embodiment of the
present invention. Calibrated scale 1210, which is preferably sized
to fit the eight-inch cover 172 of embodiment 870, preferably
indicates slope in degrees on inner scale 1211, percent of slope on
outside scale 1212, plumb on inset scale 1213, and level on inset
scale 1214, as shown. Calibrated scale 1210 is preferably printed,
etched, or molded onto indicator gauge 106, or, most preferably,
replaceable cover 172, as shown.
Under appropriate circumstances, an assortment of replaceable covers
172 with various calibrated scales 106 may be available to users.
Upon reading this specification those of skill in the art will
understand that under appropriate circumstances, such as intended
use, local units of measure, user preference, etc., other calibrated
scales, having other combinations and types of scales, may suffice.
Although applicant has described applicant's preferred embodiments
of this invention, it will be understood that the broadest scope of
this invention includes such modifications as diverse shapes and
sizes and materials. Such scope is limited only by the below claims
as read in connection with the above specification.
Further, many other advantages of applicant's invention will be
apparent to those skilled in the art from the above descriptions and
the below claims.
* * * * *
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