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United States Patent 7,193,512
Coulthard March 20, 2007
Load safeguard systems

Abstract

A system for improved monitoring of changes in the location and conditions surrounding vehicles and shippable property, utilizing fixed and moveable logic processors, which communicate with each other as well as receivers. Non-continuous signaling may be used to provide for reduced power consumption, and network coupling may be used to provided for exporting information to anywhere in the world by means of, for example GSM/GPS infrastructures.

Inventors: Coulthard; John J. (Scottsdale, AZ)
Assignee: Radio Data Corporation (Scottsdale, AZ)
Appl. No.: 11/128,530
Filed: May 13, 2005
Related U.S. Patent Documents
Application Number Filing Date Patent Number Issue Date
10650545 Aug., 2003 6972677
60452261 Mar., 2003
60406110 Aug., 2002

Current U.S. Class: 340/531 ; 340/539.13; 340/539.15
Current International Class: G08B 1/00 (20060101)
Field of Search: 340/531,505,506,539.13-539.17,539.31,539.32,572.1,10.1,5.92

References Cited [Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
5658607 August 1997 Herdeman
5686888 November 1997 Welles et al.
5793290 August 1998 Eagleson et al.
5867801 February 1999 Denny
5886634 March 1999 Muhme
6058374 May 2000 Guthrie et al.
6084513 July 2000 Stoffer
6211790 April 2001 Radomsky et al.
6289684 September 2001 Guidry et al.
6512455 January 2003 Finn et al.
6685012 February 2004 Bowden et al.
6697103 February 2004 Fernandez et al.
6826514 November 2004 Antico et al.
Primary Examiner: Pham; Toan N.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Stoneman Law Offices, Ltd Stoneman; Marty
Parent Case Text


CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation-in-part of, and claims priority from, related U.S. non-provisional application Ser. No. 10/650,545, filed Aug. 27, 2003 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,972,677, entitled "MONITORING SYSTEM", which is related to and claims priority from prior U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/406,110, filed Aug. 27, 2002, entitled "MODULAR, POST-PROGRAMMABLE RADIO FREQUENCY LOCATION, IDENTIFICATION, TRACKING, MONITORING, INTERROGATION AND SENSING SYSTEM, COMPONENTS AND METHODS" and also from related U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/452,261, filed Mar. 6, 2003, entitled "UNIVERSAL RADIO LOCATION, INTERPRETIVE MONITORING AND EVEN TIMING SYSTEM AND METHOD" the contents of all of which are incorporated herein by this reference and are not admitted to be prior art with respect to the present invention by the mention in this cross-reference section.
Claims


What is claimed is:

1. A load safeguard system, co-operable with at least one database, for monitoring, within at least one determinable environment, at least one item requiring monitoring of at least one sensible condition, comprising, in combination: a) a set of first logic-processor means, for logical transacting with receivable information, respectively associated with a respective set of locations within at least one determinable environment; and b) a plurality of second logic-processor means, for logical transacting with receivable information, respectively associated with a plurality of such at least one items; c) wherein essentially each of said set of first logic-processor means comprises first communicator means for communicative coupling with essentially each of said plurality of second logic-processor means; d) wherein essentially each of said plurality of second logic-processor means comprises second communicator means for communicative coupling with essentially each of said set of first logic-processor means; e) wherein essentially each of said plurality of second logic-processor means comprises sensor means for sensing at least one environmental condition; and f) wherein essentially each of said set of first logic-processor means comprises third communicator means for communicative coupling with such at least one database.

2. The load safeguard system according to claim 1, wherein: a) such at least one item comprises at least one shippable package; and b) such at least one determinable environment comprises at least one shipping environment.

3. The load safeguard system according to claim 2, wherein: a) such at least one item comprises perishable produce; and b) such at least one determinable environment comprises at least one temperature-controllable shipping truck.

4. A system, co-operable with at least one database, for monitoring items within a local area, comprising, in combination: a) a set of first logic-processor means, for logical transacting with receivable information, respectively associated with a plurality of locations within the local area; and b) a plurality of second logic-processor means, for logical transacting with receivable information, respectively associated with a plurality of the items; c) wherein essentially each of said set of first logic-processor means comprises first communicator means for communicative coupling with essentially each of said plurality of second logic-processor means; and d) wherein essentially each of said plurality of second logic-processor means comprises second communicator means for communicative coupling with essentially each of said set of first logic-processor means.

5. A system, co-operable with at least one database, for monitoring items within a local area, comprising, in combination: a) a set of first logic-processors structured and arranged to provide logical transaction with receivable information, respectively associated with a plurality of locations within the local area; and b) a plurality of second logic-processors structured and arranged to provide logical transaction with receivable information, respectively associated with a plurality of the items; c) wherein essentially each of said set of first logic-processors comprises at least one first communicator structured and arranged to communicatively couple with essentially each of said plurality of second logic-processors; and d) wherein essentially each of said plurality of second logic-processors comprises at least one second communicator structured and arranged to communicatively couple with essentially each of said set of first logic-processors.

6. The system according to claim 5 further comprising at least one receiver structured and arranged to receive communicated information from at least one of the group consisting essentially of each of said set of first logic-processors and each of said plurality of second logic-processors.

7. The system according to claim 6 further comprising such at least one database structured and arranged to manipulate such receivable information.

8. The system according to claim 6 wherein said at least one receiver comprises at least one wireless receptor structured and arranged to receive such receivable information.

9. The system according to claim 6 wherein said at least one receiver comprises at least one network coupler structured and arranged to communicatively couple said at least one receiver with at least one of the group consisting of: a) Global System for Mobile Communications systems (GSM); b) Global Positioning Systems (GPS) c) Internet; d) personal computers; e) personal digital assistants; f) local area networks; g) radios; h) cellular phones; i) wireless networks; and j) personal computer memory card international associations (PCMCIA's) for wireless applications.

10. The system according to claim 5 wherein said at least one first communicator and said at least one second communicator each comprise at least one wireless system structured and arranged to wirelessly assist communicative coupling.

11. The system according to claim 10 wherein said at least one first communicator and said at least one second communicator comprise at least one frequency within the range consisting of about radio frequency.

12. The system according to claim 5 wherein essentially each of said set of first logic-processors and essentially each of said plurality of second logic-processors comprise at least one identifier structured and arranged to uniquely identify essentially each one of said plurality of first logic-processors and essentially each one of said plurality of second logic-processors.

13. The system according to claim 5 further comprising at least one sensor structured and arranged to sense local information, attachable to at least one subset of at least one of the group consisting essentially of each of said set of first logic-processors and each of said plurality of second logic-processors.

14. The system according to claim 5 wherein essentially each of said set of first logic-processors and essentially each of said plurality of second logic-processors comprise at least one power source structured and arranged to provide electrical power.

15. The system according to claim 5 wherein said at least one first communicator and said at least one second communicator comprise at least one non-continuous signaler structured and arranged to provide non-continuous communications.

16. The system according to claim 15 wherein said at least one non-continuous signaler comprises at least one optimized signaler structured and arranged to provide optimized power consumption when generating non-continuous communications.

17. The system according to claim 5 wherein essentially each of said set of first logic-processors and essentially each of said plurality of second logic-processors comprise at least one electric circuit structured and arranged to process data.

18. The system according to claim 17 wherein said at least one electric circuit comprises at least one firmware structured and arranged to provide modification of said set of first logic-processors and modification of said plurality of second logic-processors.

19. The system according to claim 18 wherein said at least one first communicator from at least one of said set of first logic-processors is communicatively coupleable with at least one of said plurality of second logic-processors so that said at least one firmware of said at least one of said plurality of second logic-processors may be modified by said at least one first communicator.

20. The system according to claim 18 wherein said at least one second communicator from at least one of said plurality of second logic-processors is communicatively coupleable with at least one of said plurality of first logic-processors so that said at least one firmware of said at least one of said plurality of first logic-processors may be modified by said at least one second communicator.
Description


BACKGROUND

This invention relates to providing systems for improved monitoring of changes in the location and conditions within vehicles and the materials transported by vehicles. More specifically, this invention relates to real-time monitoring of changes in the location and conditions within shipping vehicles and the loads transported within such shipping vehicles.

Perishable products now arrive at distribution centers and stores from increasingly distant production sites. The increasing shipping distances now imposed on product supply chains greatly increase the risk of product deterioration during transit. A wide variety of food, pharmaceutical, and chemical products are degraded by improper exposure to temperature, humidity, light or other contaminants. For example, maintaining optimal temperatures throughout the supply chain is vital for perishable, refrigerated and frozen products. Transport storage temperatures above or below a narrow optimum range for a perishable item often reduces a product's shelf life by hours or days. In the case of perishable produce, damage often becomes apparent only after the product shipment has been delivered and accepted; thus more and more a deliveree may hesitant to accept a load unless there is sufficient evidence that the load has been maintained during shipment in this desired temperature range. For pharmaceuticals, the efficacy of a product degraded during transit may have immediate life-threatening consequences.

In addition, national security interest has recently focused on the motor trucking industry. The trucking industry is a major component of the U.S. transportation sector, but currently lacks effective systems to prevent trucks and cargo from being used as tools by terrorists or as a means for moving contraband. The ability to track and monitor, in real time, the contents and location of vehicles during transit would provide an effective means for countering illegal or terror-based activities.

Inadequate monitoring of changes in the location and conditions surrounding shipping vehicles and shipped materials has resulted in spoilage, damage, misplacement, loss, and theft of extremely valuable property. A system capable of efficiently monitoring, in real-time, changes in location and surrounding conditions of hazardous, perishable, refrigerated and frozen materials, during transit, would be extremely beneficial to many.

OBJECTS AND FEATURES OF THE INVENTION

A primary object and feature of this invention is to overcome the above-stated problems.

Another primary object and feature of the present invention is to provide a system for coupled communication between logic processors and a receiver within on or more transport vehicles. It is a further object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system for providing coupled communication between sensors and receivers. It is a further object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system capable of communicating at varied frequencies. It is a further object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system capable of communicating at periodic frequencies. It is a further object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system capable of communicating at non-continuous frequencies. It is a further object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system capable of optimized power consumption when communicating at non-continuous frequencies.

It is a further object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system utilizing wireless systems. It is a further object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system utilizing logic-processor specific power sources. It is a further object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system utilizing electric circuits. It is a further object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system utilizing electric circuit firmware. It is a further object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system utilizing signal-modified firmware.

It is a further object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system utilizing wireless receptors. It is a further object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system utilizing wireless receptors capable or targeting particular signals by modifying their read-range. It is a further object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system where a receiver is communicatively coupled to external networks.

A further primary object and feature of the present invention is to provide such a system that is efficient, inexpensive, and handy. Other objects and features of this invention will become apparent with reference to the following descriptions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with a preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a load safeguard system, co-operable with at least one database, for monitoring, within at least one determinable environment, at least one item requiring monitoring of at least one sensible condition, comprising, in combination: a set of first logic-processor means, for logical transacting with receivable information, respectively associated with a respective set of locations within at least one determinable environment; and a plurality of second logic-processor means, for logical transacting with receivable information, respectively associated with a plurality of such at least one items; wherein essentially each of said set of first logic-processor means comprises first communicator means for communicative coupling with essentially each of said plurality of second logic-processor means; wherein essentially each of said plurality of second logic-processor means comprises second communicator means for communicative coupling with essentially each of said set of first logic-processor means; wherein essentially each of said plurality of second logic-processor means comprises sensor means for sensing at least one environmental condition; and wherein essentially each of said set of first logic-processor means comprises third communicator means for communicative coupling with such at least one database. Moreover, it provides such a system, wherein: such at least one item comprises at least one shippable package; and such at least one determinable environment comprises at least one shipping environment. Additionally, it provides such a system, wherein: such at least one item comprises perishable produce; and such at least one determinable environment comprises at least one temperature-controllable shipping truck.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a system, co-operable with at least one centrally-readable database, for monitoring items within a local area, comprising, in combination: a plurality of first logic-processor means, for logical transacting with receivable information, respectively associated with a plurality of locations within the local area; and a plurality of second logic-processor means, for logical transacting with receivable information, respectively associated with a plurality of the items; wherein essentially each of such plurality of first logic-processor means comprises first communicator means for communicative coupling with essentially each of such plurality of second logic-processor means; and wherein essentially each of such plurality of second logic-processor means comprises second communicator means for communicative coupling with essentially each of such plurality of first logic-processor means.

Moreover, it provides such a system further comprising receiver means for receiving communicated information from at least one of the group consisting essentially of each of such plurality of first logic-processor means and each of such plurality of second logic-processor means. Additionally, it provides such a system further comprising database means for manipulating such receivable information. Also, it provides such a system wherein such first communicator means and such second communicator means each comprise wireless system means for wirelessly assisting communicative coupling. In addition, it provides such a system wherein such receiver means comprises wireless receptor means for receiving communicated information. And, it provides such a system wherein essentially each of such plurality of first logic-processor means and essentially each of such plurality of second logic-processor means comprise identifier means for uniquely identifying essentially each one of such plurality of first logic-processor means and essentially each one of such plurality of second logic-processor means.

Further, it provides such a system further comprising sensor means, for sensing local information, attachable to at least one subset of at least one of the group consisting essentially of each of such plurality of first logic-processor means and each of such plurality of second logic-processor means. Even further, it provides such a system wherein essentially each of such plurality of first logic-processor means and essentially each of such plurality of second logic-processor means comprise power source means for providing electrical power. Moreover, it provides such a system wherein essentially each of such plurality of first logic-processor means and essentially each of such plurality of second logic-processor means comprise power-life-extender means for extending at least one life of such power source means by assisting intermittent operation. Additionally, it provides such a system wherein such first communicator means and such second communicator means comprise at least one frequency within the range consisting of: radio frequency; ultrasonic frequency; and UV frequency.

Also, it provides such a system wherein such first communicator means and such second communicator means comprise non-continuous signaler means for providing non-continuous communications. In addition, it provides such a system wherein such non-continuous signaling means comprises optimized signaler means for providing optimized power consumption when generating non-continuous communications. And, it provides such a system wherein essentially each of such plurality of first logic-processor means and essentially each of such plurality of second logic-processor means comprises electric circuit means for processing data. Further, it provides such a system wherein such electric circuit means comprises firmware means for providing modification of such plurality of first logic-processor means and modification of such plurality of second logic processor means.

It also provides such a system wherein such first communicator means from at least one of such plurality of first logic-processor means is communicatively coupleable with at least one of such plurality of second logic-processor means so that such firmware means of such at least one of such plurality of second logic-processor means may be modified by such first communicator means. Even further, it provides such a system wherein such second communicator means from at least one of such plurality of second logic-processor means is communicatively coupleable with at least one of such plurality of first logic-processor means so that such firmware means of such at least one of such plurality of first logic-processor means may be modified by such second communicator means. Moreover, it provides such a system wherein such receiver means comprises network coupler means for communicative coupling with at least one of the group consisting of: Internet; personal computers; personal digital assistants; local area networks; radios; cellular phones; wireless networks; and personal computer memory card international associations (PCMCIA's) for wireless applications.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a system, co-operable with at least one centrally-readable database, for monitoring items within a local area, comprising, in combination: a plurality of first logic-processors structured and arranged to provide logical transaction with receivable information, respectively associated with a plurality of locations within the local area; and a plurality of second logic-processors structured and arranged to provide logical transaction with receivable information, respectively associated with a plurality of the items; wherein essentially each of such plurality of first logic-processors comprises at least one first communicator structured and arranged to communicatively couple with essentially each of such plurality of second logic-processors; and wherein essentially each of such plurality of second logic-processors comprises at least one second communicator structured and arranged to communicatively couple with essentially each of such plurality of first logic-processors.

Additionally, it provides such a system further comprising at least one receiver structured and arranged to receive communicated information from at least one of the group consisting essentially of each of such plurality of first logic-processors and each of such plurality of second logic-processors. Also, it provides such a system further comprising at least one database structured and arranged to manipulate such receivable information. In addition, it provides such a system wherein such at least one first communicator and such at least one second communicator each comprise at least one wireless system structured and arranged to wirelessly assist communicative coupling. And, it provides such a system wherein such at least one receiver comprises at least one wireless receptor structured and arranged to receive such receivable information.

Further, it provides such a system wherein essentially each of such plurality of first logic-processors and essentially each of such plurality of second logic-processors comprise at least one identifier structured and arranged to uniquely identify essentially each one of such plurality of first logic-processors and essentially each one of such plurality of second logic-processors. Even further, it provides such a system further comprising at least one sensor structured and arranged to sense local information, attachable to at least one subset of at least one of the group consisting essentially of each of such plurality of first logic-processors and each of such plurality of second logic-processors. Moreover, it provides such a system wherein essentially each of such plurality of first logic-processors and essentially each of such plurality of second logic-processors comprise at least one power source structured and arranged to provide electrical power.

Additionally, it provides such a system wherein essentially each of such plurality of first logic-processors and essentially each of such plurality of second logic-processors comprise at least one power-life-extender structured and arranged to extend at least one life of such at least one power source by assisting intermittent operation. Also, it provides such a system wherein such at least one first communicator and such at least one second communicator comprise at least one frequency within the range consisting of: radio frequency; ultrasonic frequency; and UV frequency.

In addition, it provides such a system wherein such at least one first communicator and such at least one second communicator comprise at least one non-continuous signaler structured and arranged to provide non-continuous communications. And, it provides such a system wherein such at least one non-continuous signaler comprises at least one optimized signaler structured and arranged to provide optimized power consumption when generating non-continuous communications. Further, it provides such a system wherein essentially each of such plurality of first logic-processors and essentially each of such plurality of second logic-processors comprise at least one electric circuit structured and arranged to process data. Even further, it provides such a system wherein such at least one electric circuit comprises at least one firmware structured and arranged to provide modification of such plurality of first logic-processors and modification of such plurality of second logic-processors.

The system wherein such at least one first communicator from at least one of such plurality of first logic-processors is communicatively coupleable with at least one of such plurality of second logic-processors so that such at least one firmware of such at least one of such plurality of second logic-processors may be modified by such at least one first communicator. Moreover, it provides such a system wherein such at least one second communicator from at least one of such plurality of second logic-processors is communicatively coupleable with at least one of such plurality of first logic-processors so that such at least one firmware of such at least one of such plurality of first logic-processors may be modified by such at least one second communicator.

Additionally, it provides such a system wherein such at least one receiver comprises at least one network coupler structured and arranged to communicatively couple such at least one receiver with at least one of the group consisting of: internet; personal computers; personal digital assistants; local area networks; radios; cellular phones; wireless networks; and personal computer memory card international associations (PCMCIA's) for wireless applications.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a method and system for monitoring at least one state of at least one item associated with at least one healthcare facility by storing in at least one database such at least one state of such at least one item, received from a plurality of fixed status broadcasters and a plurality of mobile status broadcasters comprising the steps of: receiving at least one state change of such at least one item from at least one state sensor by at least one of such plurality of fixed status broadcasters; receiving at least one state change of such at least one item from at least one state sensor by at least one of such plurality of mobile status broadcasters; determining requirement to broadcast such at least one state change by such at least one such plurality of fixed status broadcasters; determining requirement to broadcast such at least one state change by such at least one of such plurality of mobile status broadcasters; broadcasting required such at least one state change by such at least one of such plurality of fixed status broadcasters; broadcasting required such at least one state change by such at least one of such plurality of mobile status broadcasters; receiving such required such at least one state change from such at least one of such plurality of fixed status broadcasters; receiving such required such at least one state change from such at least one of such plurality of mobile status broadcasters; storing such required such at least one state change in such at least one database; and reporting such required such at least one state change.

Also, it provides such a method and system wherein such at least one state change comprises: occurrence of at least one event affecting such at least one item; change of location change of such at least one item; and change of at least one monitored value affecting such at least one item. In addition, it provides such a method and system wherein the step of determining requirement to broadcast such at least one state change by such at least one of such plurality of fixed status broadcasters comprises: receiving at least one broadcast requirement rule; and comparing such at least one state change to such at least one broadcast requirement rule. And, it provides such a method and system wherein the step of determining requirement to broadcast such at least one state change by such at least one of such plurality of mobile status broadcasters comprises: receiving at least one broadcast requirement rule; and comparing such at least one state change to such at least one broadcast requirement rule.

Further, it provides such a method and system wherein the step of reporting such required such at least one state change comprises: transmission of such required such at least one state change to at least one local area network; transmission of such required such at least one state change to at least one personal computer; transmission of such required such at least one state change to at least one cellular telephone; transmission of such required such at least one state change to at least one personal digital assistant; and transmission of such required such at least one state change to at least one radio frequency receiver. Even further, it provides such a method and system wherein such at least one item comprises: infant patients; adult patients; fixed equipment; and mobile equipment. Even further, it provides such a method and system wherein such step of broadcasting required such at least one state change by such at least one of such plurality of fixed status broadcasters comprises: activating at least one broadcasting transmitter; broadcasting such required such at least one state change using such at least one broadcasting transmitter; and de-activating such at least one broadcasting transmitter.

Even further, it provides such a method and system wherein such step of broadcasting required such at least one state change by such at least one of such plurality of mobile status broadcasters comprises: activating at least one broadcasting transmitter; broadcasting such required such at least one state change using such at least one broadcasting transmitter; and de-activating such at least one broadcasting transmitter. Even further, it provides such a method and system wherein such at least one healthcare facility comprises: hospitals; nursing homes; assisted living facilities; offices of medical practitioners; and personal residences. Even further, it provides such a method and system further comprising the step of determining a plurality of steady-state values for the conditions surrounding such at least one state sensor and using such plurality of steady-state values as a reference for determining, in the future, when a state change has occurred.

And this invention provides a useful new format for communicative bits/bytes.

This invention also provides that both First logic-processors and Second logic-processors may have the programmed capability to establish their own sampling rates and statistical analysis methods to determine the normal or typical sensed conditions of the environment, preferably the steady-state environment, in terms of absolute values, rate of change of these values and the relationships of the various sensed parameters being monitored by the First logic-processor or Second logic-processor; and the result of this analysis may result in the onboard microprocessor changing the sampling rates for one or more sensors, increasing the size of a sample for one or more sensors, switching to a different analysis algorithm and determining an appropriate transmission schedule, power level and even modulation scheme.

Yet further, this invention provides each and every novel detail, feature, article, process, system and/or method disclosed in or mentioned by or shown in this specification, including the drawings, the claims, the abstract, and any appendices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1-00 is a perspective view of the monitoring system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1-01 is a diagram of the monitoring system according to a preferred embodiment of FIG. 1-00.

FIG. 1-02 is a diagram of the monitoring system according to a preferred embodiment of FIG. 1-00.

FIG. 1-03 is a diagram of the monitoring system according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2-00 is another perspective view of the monitoring system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2-01 through FIG. 2-81 provide detailed descriptions of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3, comprising FIG. 3A, FIG. 3B, FIG. 3C, and FIG. 3D, is a perspective view of a Second logic-processor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a Receiver flowchart according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5, comprising FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B, is a perspective view of a power source according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6-00 is a perspective view of an electric circuit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6-01 is another perspective view of an electric circuit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7, comprising FIG. 7A, FIG. 7B, FIG. 7C, and FIG. 7D, is a wireless system configurations table according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a firmware flowchart according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a network coupler according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10, comprising FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B, is a sensor sampling-plan according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a Second logic-processor according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12, comprising FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B, is an alternative perspective view of a Second logic-processor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13, comprising FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B, is a side view of the sections of a Second logic-processor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14, comprising FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B, is a posterior view of the sections of a Second logic-processor for according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Within the specification, reference to a figure number indicates reference to the set of all lettered figures for that number (for example, reference to "FIG. 7" indicates reference to FIG. 7A, FIG. 7B, FIG. 7C, and FIG. 7D).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE BEST MODE AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1-00 is a perspective view of the monitoring system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1-01 is a diagram of the monitoring system according to a preferred embodiment of FIG. 1-00. Preferably, system 100 comprises systems for improved monitoring of changes in the location and conditions within vehicle 2500 and the materials transported vehicle 2500 within trailer 2502, as shown.

Preferably, system 100 comprises First logic-processors 2110, Second logic-processors 2120, first communicators 2111, and second communicators 2121. Preferably, First logic-processors 2110 provide logical transaction with receivable information, respectively associated with a plurality of locations within a local area (vehicle 2500 and trailer 2502). Preferably, Second logic-processors 2120 provide logical transaction with receivable information, respectively associated with a plurality of the items. Preferably, First logic-processors 2110 comprise first communicators 2111, communicatively coupled with Second logic-processors 2120. Preferably, Second logic-processors 2120 comprise second communicators 2121, communicatively coupled with First logic-processors 2110. Preferably, First logic-processors 2110 "poll", or transmit signals, to Second logic-processors 2120. Preferably, First logic-processors 110 may also "poll" for other First logic-processors 2120 (and may sometimes be referred to as "pollers"). However, Second logic-processors 2120 may also "poll" for First logic-processors 2110, as well as other Second logic-processors 2120 (and may sometimes be referred to as "transponders")(embodying herein a plurality of first logic-processor means, for logical transacting with receivable information, respectively associated with a plurality of locations within the local area; and embodying herein a plurality of second logic-processor means, for logical transacting with receivable information, respectively associated with a plurality of the items).

Preferably, system 100 further comprises Receiver 2130. Preferably, Receiver 2130 receives communicated information from First logic-processors 110. Preferably, Receiver 2130 receives communicated information from Second logic-processors 2120. Preferably, Receiver 2130 receives information resulting from "polling", or signals transmitted between logic-processors 2110 and 2120 (embodying herein receiver means for receiving communicated information from at least one of the group consisting essentially of each of said plurality of first logic-processor means and each of said plurality of second logic-processor means). Preferably, both First logic-processors 2110 and Second logic-processors 2120 may comprise Receivers 2130.

Preferably, Receiver 2130 comprises wireless receptor 2162. Preferably, wireless receptor 2162 receives wireless communications. Preferably, Receivers 2130 comprise 16-bit digital attenuators that can be controlled by the on-board microprocessor either as a result of wireless or wired instructions from the control center in the case of Receivers 2130, or instructions from a logic-processor 2110 or 2120, or a PDA in the case of a Second logic-processor. Furthermore, the microprocessor in each case can automatically increase the level of attenuation and reduce the read range if the signal density reaches a point that collisions can occur causing an excessive level of data errors. A further alternative in the case of First logic-processors 2110 and Second logic-processors 2120 is to reprogram the First logic-processors 2110 or Second logic-processors 2120 set attenuation level, on site, using the ribbon cable programming option. Preferably, wireless receptor 2162 is structured to enhance sensitivity to signals intended for reception by wireless receptor 2162 (embodying herein wireless receptor means for receiving communicated information). Preferably, system 100 further comprises database 2140. Preferably, database 2140 manipulates the information communicated between Receiver 2130, First logic-processor 2110, and Second logic-processor 2120 (embodying herein database means for manipulating such receivable information).

Preferably, first communicators 2111 and second communicators 2121 each comprise wireless systems 2155. Preferably, wireless systems 2155 provide for wireless communication of information (embodying herein wireless system means for wirelessly assisting communicative coupling). Upon reading the teachings of this specification, persons of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, considering issues such as technology, cost, and efficiency, other wireless systems such as infrared, ultraviolet, acoustic, magnetic, non-radio, etc., may suffice. Preferably, First logic-processors 2110 and Second logic-processors 2120 each comprise identifiers 2154. Preferably, identifier 2154 uniquely identifies each of the First logic processors 2110. Preferably, identifier 2154 uniquely identifies each of the Second logic processors 2120 (embodying herein identifier means for uniquely identifying essentially each one of said plurality of first logic-processor means and essentially each one of said plurality of second logic-processor means). Preferably, the above-described devices are preferably adaptable to comprise on-vehicle components or off-vehicle components as illustrated by gate detector 2504.

Preferably, system 100 further comprises sensor 2150. Preferably, sensor 2150 senses local environmental vehicle information. As examples of sensor 2150 types the following table is provided:

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE A Speed, position and orientation: 1) Magnetic position sensors 2) Proximity sensors 3) Hall effect sensors 4) Motion sensors 5) Accelerometers (1D/2D/3D) 6) Fiber optic sensors 7) Infra-red sensors 8) Linear and rotary sensors 9) Liquid level indicators 10) Optical switches 11) Potentiometers 12) Resolvers 13) Turbidity sensors 14) Ultrasonic sensors 15) Speed Sensors 16) Vibration sensors 17) Angular sensors 18) Displacement sensors 19) Inclination sensors Pressure, force and flow: 20) Force Sensers 21) Load Sensors 22) Mass airflow sensors 23) Pressure sensers 24) Barometric sensors 25) Vacuum sensors 26) Torque Sensors 27) Differential pressure 28) Contact sensors 29) Bearing wear detectors Thermal and humidity 30) Heat Sensors 31) Humidity Sensors 32) Temperature Sensors 33) Thermal Fuses 34) Thermistors 35) Thermostats 36) Dew point detectors Electronic and electrical: 37) Voltage DC/AC 38) Current DC/AC 39) RF signal strength 40) Magnetic field 41) Electric field 42) Electrostatic field 43) Electromagnetic field Biological (TBD): Radiation (Ionizing): 44) Alpha 45) Beta 46) Gamma 47) Neutron X-ray Optical and photoelectric: 48) Color sensors 49) Glossometers 50) Contrast sensors 51) Laser detectors 52) Flame detectors 53) Object detectors 54) Light Intensity sensors Chemical (liquid/gas): 55) Oxygen concentration 56) Nitrogen concentration 57) Carbon dioxide conc. 58) Ozone concentration 59) Air quality 60) Water purity 61) Propane sensors 62) Natural gas sensors 63) Gasoline sensors 64) pH level 65) Chlorine Sensors 66) Soil Moisture

Preferably, sensor 2150 senses local information attachable to at least one subset First logic-processors 2110. Preferably, sensor 2150 senses local information attachable to at least one subset of Second logic-processors 2120 (embodying herein sensor means, for sensing local information, attachable to at least one subset of at least one of the group consisting essentially of each of said plurality of first logic-processor means and each of said plurality of second logic-processor means). Upon reading the teachings of this specification, persons of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, considering issues such as efficiency, technology, and cost, other wireless systems may suffice.

Preferably, communicators 2111 and 2121 comprise communication frequencies of light or sound, which may travel unobstructed between First logic-processors 2110, Second logic-processors 2120, receivers 2130, and other transmitting and receiving sources. Preferably, communicators 2111 and 2121 comprise communication frequencies within the range of radio frequency. Preferably, communicators 2111 and 2121 comprise communication frequencies within the range of ultrasonic frequency. Preferably, communicators 2111 and 2121 comprise communication frequencies within the range of ultraviolet frequency (embodying herein first communicator means for communicative coupling with essentially each of said plurality of second logic-processor means, and embodying herein second communicator means for communicative coupling with essentially each of said plurality of first logic-processor means). Upon reading the teachings of this specification, persons of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, considering issues such as location mediums, technology, and cost, other frequencies such as infrared, x-ray, etc., may suffice.

Preferably, First logic-processors 2110 and Second logic-processors 2120 each comprises power source 2160. Preferably, power source 2160 provides electrical power. Preferably, power source 2160 comprises power life extender 2161. Preferably, power life extender 2161 extends the life of power source 2160 by assisting intermittent operation (embodying herein power source means for providing electrical power; and embodying herein power-life-extender means for extending at least one life of said power source means by assisting intermittent operation).

Preferably, first communicator 2111 and second communicator 2121 each operate at a frequency within the range consisting of radio frequency. Preferably, first communicator 2111 and second communicator 2121 each operate at a frequency within the range consisting of ultrasonic frequency. Preferably, first communicator 2111 and second communicator 2121 each operate at a frequency within the range consisting of UV frequency. Preferably, first communicator 2111 and second communicator 2121 each comprise non-continuous signaler 2156. Preferably, non-continuous signaler 2156 (substantially equivalent to 156 of the following Figures) provides for non-continuous communication between First logic-processors 2110, Second logic processors 2120, and receivers 2130. Preferably, first communicator 2111 and second communicator 2121 each comprise optimized signaler 2157 (substantially equivalent to 157 of the following Figures). Preferably, optimized signaler 2157 provides optimized power consumption when generating non-continuous communications (embodying herein non-continuous signaler means for providing non-continuous communications, and embodying herein optimized signaler means for providing optimized power consumption when generating non-continuous communications).

Preferably, First logic-processor 2110 and Second logic processor 2120 each comprise electric circuit 2151. Preferably, electric circuit 2151 processes information. Preferably, electric circuit 2151 comprises firmware 2152. Preferably, firmware 2152 provides for hardware, which can be modified as if it were software. Firmware 2152 is also referred to in the arts as "middleware". Preferably, firmware 2152 can be modified by wireless system 2155 (embodying herein electric circuit means for processing data, embodying herein firmware means for providing modifiable hardware, embodying herein communicatively coupleable with at least one of said plurality of second logic-processor means so that said firmware means of said at least one of said plurality of second logic-processor means may be modified by said first communicator means, and embodying herein communicatively coupleable with at least one of said plurality of first logic-processor means so that said firmware means of said at least one of said plurality of first logic-processor means may be modified by said second communicator means).

Preferably, Receiver 2130 comprises network couplers 2158. Preferably, network couplers 2158 communicatively couples Receiver 2130 to outside networks 2525, as shown. Preferably, outside networks 2525 is accessible to remote data points 2527 over at least public network such as Internet 2526, as shown. Preferably, network couplers 2158 comprise the Internet, Personal Digital Assistants (PDA's), Local Area Networks (LAN's), and Personal Computer Memory Card International Associations (PCMCIA's). Upon reading the teachings of this specification, persons of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, considering issues such as technology, cost, and efficiency, other network couplers such as radios, cellular phones, personal computers (PC's), etc., may suffice.

Preferably, system 100 can be used in a wide variety of applications such as remotely locating, identifying and tracking people, items, vehicles or other objects particular to the time they pass a certain location, and they can be configured to monitor and adapt to a variety of sensed conditions. This enables system 100 to be configured for use in locating and determining the status of people, equipment, and other items. Such people, equipment, and items may be located in both multistory and underground buildings. Preferably, First logic-processors 2110 and Second logic-processors 2120 provide for data transmission, as well as interpretation of data and instructions from remote sources. Preferably, logic-processors 2110 and 2120 provide for coded transmission between Receiver 2130 and any other sources. Preferably, Receiver 2130 receives, decodes, and presents the information for review, analysis, and determination of appropriate action. Preferably, such information is stored in database 2140. Furthermore with the ability of the Receiver 2130 to send information immediately utilizing wireless system 2155, any information can be delivered in real time to anywhere in the world, all with a single Receiver 2130 or with an arrayed set of identical receivers 2130.

An important aspect of the invention is the modularized nature of the Second logic-processor 2120 and its mechanical and functional versatility. Preferably, it consists of three primary elements, two of which are common to all applications and environments described previously. They are the power source 2160 and the communicator 2121. Preferably, these two connectors are sealed and plug together to achieve an electrical link. Preferably, signal modifiable firmware 2153 can be modified by plugging into connector portions 2131 or 2132, as shown in FIG. 3. Preferably, Second logic-processor 2120 comprises at least two connection portions, whereby first connector portion 2131 is used for programming, and the second connector portion 2132 is used for testing and selecting certain functional options. Preferably, first connector portion 2131 utilizes a ribbon-type connector. Preferably, first connector portion 2131 is located on the portion of Second logic-processor 2120 on which power source 2160 is attached. Preferably, second connector portion 2132 is located on an opposite portion from first connector portion 2131 (as described for first connector portion 131 and second connector portion 132).

Preferably, second connector portion 2132 is used for testing and selecting certain functional options such as transmitter modulation mode, pulse widths, and frequencies. Preferably, additional connector may also be connected utilizing second connector 2132. Preferably, connector portions 2131 and 2132 can have a variety of uses from simply a sealed cap that selects the transmission characteristics and protects the connector when used only for beacon applications, to use as a connector for power source 2160, to a choice of active status sensor 2150 connections that provide information regarding its host, such as power off or power on, door open or door closed, switch up or switch down, temperature hot or temperature cold, light or no light, item moving or nonmoving, etc.

Another key feature of the system is the method by which Second logic-processor 2120, although configured for real time inventory tracking, can be customized for a wide variety of sensing and conditions applications that can all be read together using the same Receiver 2130. Preferably, the method described herein also requires that the content of communication from Second logic-processor 2120 to the Receiver 2130 contain a variable word length and a variable number of words in each transmission, depending on its circumstances and instructions from First logic-processor 2110. This is possible because, preferably, the Second logic-processor 2120, for all these applications, is the same except for its transmission data content and the choice of desired connectors for connector portions 2131 and 2132. Preferably, the data-encoding format is the same for all Second logic-processors 2120 except for the word length, number of words in a transmission and the nature of the encoded information, although these variables are limited to a predetermined set of options, the option being identified at the beginning of the transmission. Preferably, the Universal Coding Format used in the Second logic-processor 2120's transmissions contain information needed by the decoder to recognize the data as coming from a particular Second logic-processor 2120 configuration. Preferably, the Universal Coding Format provides information regarding the type of the transmission encoding scheme (Transmission Type Code), an application specific group code, a unique Second logic-processor 2120 code, a First logic-processor 2110 code, and a variety of event status or sensor 2150 data bytes, which can each have a different number of bits, or even none at all. Preferably, the nature of the encoded information is programmed into the Receiver 2130 software as a look-up table and identified through the Second logic-processor 2120's individual code. Preferably, database 2140 comprises the encoded information.

The polling scheme can have a variety of features depending on the nature of the application. If the Second logic-processor 2120 is stationary, the polling signal may either be received from a hand held PDA (serving both as a First logic-processor 2110 and a Receiver 2130) in order to have it send its current status and location information immediately instead of at its normal periodic rate, or the polling signal will have been received from a First logic-processor 2110 located in the vicinity. Typically, the latter signal will be ignored when the Second logic-processor 2120 is stationary. It is important that First logic-processor 2110 (whether part of a PDA or a site-located First logic-processor 2110) should have only a limited range so as to address only those Second logic-processors 2120 within a desired range or radius of First logic-processor 2110. Preferably, the transmission scheme is set up to have a maximum bit count for each byte, which may be different for each byte, and a maximum byte count for each word, which may be different for each byte. Preferably, there may be a different number of words in each Second logic-processor 2120 transmission. Preferably, there are only a specific number of different transmission schemes that are defined by the Transmission Type Code, which is programmed into Receiver 2130 memory as a look up table.

FIG. 1-01 provides an overview of the basic system components of system 100. Preferably, Secure Container Monitoring (SCM) 3001 is adapted to provide monitoring of temperature, humidity, motion, gas concentration, radiation levels, and the presence of certain chemicals, biochemicals and other environmental conditions. Preferably, Transponder/Reader 3002 is adapted to read all on-vehicle sensors and either passes selected data to at least one GPS/GSM/GPRS unit 3006 (or stores it for data download), as shown. Preferably, GPS/GSM/GPRS unit 3006 is located within tractor 3004 or trailer 3005; most preferably, at least one GPS/GSM/GPRS unit 3006 is located within both tractor 3004 and trailer 3005. Preferably, Electrical Hook-up Detector (EHD) 3003 detects the electrical hook up and the timing of hook up between tractor 3004 and trailer 3005. Preferably, Engine Sensors (ES) 3007 is be incorporated into preferred embodiments of the system, preferably at tractor 3004, as shown. Preferably, Rear Door Status (RDS) 3008 identifies the condition of the doors and when they are opened and closed. Commonly, trailer 3005 is subdivided into multiple compartments, as shown. The dashed lines of FIG. 1-101 generally indicate the position of such subdivided section, identified herein as Security Container (SC) 3009. Typically, Security Container (SC) 3009 is hung between the rear wheels of trailer 3005 (but may also be located inside the trailer). Preferably, system 100 is adapted to monitor Wheel/Axle components 3010 for pressure, wheel temperature, balance, alignment, vibration, brake condition, bearing lubrication, tire condition. Preferably, Trailer Interior Monitor (TIM) 3011 monitors interior temperature, humidity, motion, atmosphere. Preferably, Deflection and Vibration Sensors (DVS) 3012, combined with load sensors, can predict potential bed failures. Preferably, Trailer Contents Monitoring (TCM) 3013 monitors temperature, humidity, motion, gas concentration, radiation levels, presence of certain chemical and biochemicals atmosphere within trailer 3005. Preferably, Mechanical Hook up Sensor (MHS) 3014 comprises a motion/vibration sensor to identify the hook up to a trailer and the timing of hook up. Preferably, Load Sensor (LS) 3015 measures trailer weight before and after loading or mid-trip load or unload. Preferably, Trailer Refrigeration Sensors

(TRS) 3016 are preferably incorporated into preferred embodiments of system 100, as shown.

FIG. 1-02 is a diagram of the monitoring system according to a preferred embodiment of FIG. 1-00. Preferably, system 100 comprises a basic UPCB component gouping 2510 comprising at least RF Receiver USST Interface, RF Transceiver Database Interface, Temp Sensor, Motion Sensor, Microcontroller, and RS232. Furthermore, system 100 preferably comprises a set of modular "add-on" USST UPCB GPS/GSM plug-in components 2511, as shown.

FIG. 1-03 is a diagram of the monitoring system according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. Preferably, system 100 comprises First logic-processors 110, Second logic-processors 120, first communicators 111, and second communicators 121. Preferably, First logic-processors 110 provide logical transaction with receivable information, respectively associated with a plurality of locations within a local area. Preferably, Second logic-processors 120 provide logical transaction with receivable information, respectively associated with a plurality of the items. Preferably, First logic-processors 110 comprise first communicators 111, communicatively coupled with Second logic-processors 120. Preferably, Second logic-processors 120 comprise second communicators 121, communicatively coupled with First logic-processors 110. Preferably, First logic-processors 110 "poll", or transmit signals, to Second logic-processors 120. Preferably, First logic-processors 110 may also "poll" for other First logic-processors 120 (and may sometimes be referred to as "pollers"). However, Second logic-processors 120 may also "poll" for First logic-processors 110, as well as other Second logic-processors 120 (and may sometimes be referred to as "transponders")(embodying herein a plurality of first logic-processor means, for logical transacting with receivable information, respectively associated with a plurality of locations within the local area; and embodying herein a plurality of second logic-processor means, for logical transacting with receivable information, respectively associated with a plurality of the items).

Preferably, system 100 further comprises Receiver 130. Preferably, Receiver 130 receives communicated information from First logic-processors 110. Preferably, Receiver 130 receives communicated information from Second logic-processors 120. Preferably, Receiver 130 receives information resulting from "polling", or signals transmitted between logic-processors 110 and 120 (embodying herein receiver means for receiving communicated information from at least one of the group consisting essentially of each of said plurality of first logic-processor means and each of said plurality of second logic-processor means). Preferably, both First logic-processors 110 and Second logic-processors 120 may comprise Receivers 130.

Preferably, Receiver 130 comprises wireless receptor 162. Preferably, wireless receptor 162 receives wireless communications. Preferably, Receivers 130 comprise 16-bit digital attenuators that can be controlled by the on-board microprocessor either as a result of wireless or wired instructions from the control center in the case of Receivers 130, or instructions from a logic-processor 110 or 120, or a PDA in the case of a Second logic-processor. Furthermore, the microprocessor in each case can automatically increase the level of attenuation and reduce the read range if the signal density reaches a point that collisions can occur causing an excessive level of data errors. A further alternative in the case of First logic-processors 110 and Second logic-processors 120 is to reprogram the First logic-processors 110 or Second logic-processors 120 set attenuation level, on site, using the ribbon cable programming option. Preferably, wireless receptor 162 is structured to enhance sensitivity to signals intended for reception by wireless receptor 162 (embodying herein wireless receptor means for receiving communicated information). Preferably, system 100 further comprises database 140. Preferably, database 140 manipulates the information communicated between Receiver 130, First logic-processor 110, and Second logic-processor 120 (embodying herein database means for manipulating such receivable information).

Preferably, first communicators 111 and second communicators 121 each comprise wireless systems 155. Preferably, wireless systems 155 provide for wireless communication of information (embodying herein wireless system means for wirelessly assisting communicative coupling). Upon reading the teachings of this specification, persons of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, considering issues such as technology, cost, and efficiency, other wireless systems such as infrared, ultraviolet, acoustic, magnetic, non-radio, etc., may suffice. Preferably, First logic-processors 110 and Second logic-processors 120 each comprise identifiers 154. Preferably, identifier 154 uniquely identifies each of the First logic processors 110. Preferably, identifier 154 uniquely identifies each of the Second logic processors 120 (embodying herein identifier means for uniquely identifying essentially each one of said plurality of first logic-processor means and essentially each one of said plurality of second logic-processor means).

Preferably, system 100 further comprises sensor 150. Preferably, sensor 150 senses local information. Preferably, sensor 150 senses local information attachable to at least one subset First logic-processors 110. Preferably, sensor 150 senses local information attachable to at least one subset of Second logic-processors 120 (embodying herein sensor means, for sensing local information, attachable to at least one subset of at least one of the group consisting essentially of each of said plurality of first logic-processor means and each of said plurality of second logic-processor means). Upon reading the teachings of this specification, persons of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, considering issues such as efficiency, technology, and cost, other wireless systems may suffice.

Preferably, communicators 111 and 121 comprise communication frequencies of light or sound, which may travel unobstructed between First logic-processors 110, Second logic-processors 120, receivers 130, and other transmitting and receiving sources. Preferably, communicators 111 and 121 comprise communication frequencies within the range of radio frequency. Preferably, communicators 111 and 121 comprise communication frequencies within the range of ultrasonic frequency. Preferably, communicators 111 and 121 comprise communication frequencies within the range of ultraviolet frequency (embodying herein first communicator means for communicative coupling with essentially each of said plurality of second logic-processor means, and embodying herein second communicator means for communicative coupling with essentially each of said plurality of first logic-processor means). Upon reading the teachings of this specification, persons of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, considering issues such as location mediums, technology, and cost, other frequencies such as infrared, x-ray, etc., may suffice.

Preferably, First logic-processors 110 and Second logic-processors 120 each comprises power source 160. Preferably, power source 160 provides electrical power. Preferably, power source 160 comprises power life extender 161. Preferably, power life extender 161 extends the life of power source 160 by assisting intermittent operation (embodying herein power source means for providing electrical power; and embodying herein power-life-extender means for extending at least one life of said power source means by assisting intermittent operation).

Preferably, first communicator 111 and second communicator 121 each operate at a frequency within the range consisting of radio frequency. Preferably, first communicator 111 and second communicator 121 each operate at a frequency within the range consisting of ultrasonic frequency. Preferably, first communicator 111 and second communicator 121 each operate at a frequency within the range consisting of UV frequency. Preferably, first communicator 111 and second communicator 121 each comprise non-continuous signaler 156. Preferably, non-continuous signaler 156 provides for non-continuous communication between First logic-processors 110, Second logic processors 120, and receivers 130. Preferably, first communicator 111 and second communicator 121 each comprise optimized signaler 157. Preferably, optimized signaler 157 provides optimized power consumption when generating non-continuous communications (embodying herein non-continuous signaler means for providing non-continuous communications, and embodying herein optimized signaler means for providing optimized power consumption when generating non-continuous communications).

Preferably, First logic-processor 110 and Second logic processor 120 each comprise electric circuit 151. Preferably, electric circuit 151 processes information. Preferably, electric circuit 151 comprises firmware 152. Preferably, firmware 152 provides for hardware, which can be modified as if it were software. Firmware 152 is also referred to in the arts as "middleware". Preferably, firmware 152 can be modified by wireless system 155 (embodying herein electric circuit means for processing data, embodying herein firmware means for providing modifiable hardware, embodying herein communicatively coupleable with at least one of said plurality of second logic-processor means so that said firmware means of said at least one of said plurality of second logic-processor means may be modified by said first communicator means, and embodying herein communicatively coupleable with at least one of said plurality of first logic-processor means so that said firmware means of said at least one of said plurality of first logic-processor means may be modified by said second communicator means).

Preferably, Receiver 130 comprises network couplers 158. Preferably, network couplers 158 communicatively couples Receiver 130 to outside networks. Preferably, network couplers 158 comprise the Internet, Personal Digital Assistants (PDA's), Local Area Networks (LAN's), and Personal Computer Memory Card International Associations (PCMCIA's). Upon reading the teachings of this specification, persons of ordinary skill in the art will now understand that, considering issues such as technology, cost, and efficiency, other network couplers such as radios, cellular phones, personal computers (PC's), etc., may suffice.

Preferably, system 100 can be used in a wide variety of applications such as remotely locating, identifying and tracking people, items, vehicles or other objects particular to the time they pass a certain location, and they can be configured to monitor and adapt to a variety of sensed conditions. This enables system 100 to be configured for use in locating and determining the status of people, equipment, and other items. Such people, equipment, and items may be located in both multistory and underground buildings. Preferably, First logic-processors 110 and Second logic-processors 120 provide for data transmission, as well as interpretation of data and instructions from remote sources. Preferably, logic-processors 110 and 120 provide for coded transmission between Receiver 130 and any other sources. Preferably, Receiver 130 receives, decodes, and presents the information for review, analysis, and determination of appropriate action. Preferably, such information is stored in database 140. Furthermore with the ability of the Receiver 130 to send information immediately utilizing wireless system 155, any information can be delivered in real time to anywhere in the world, all with a single Receiver 130 or with an arrayed set of identical receivers 130.

An important aspect of the invention is the modularized nature of the Second logic-processor 120 and its mechanical and functional versatility. Preferably, it consists of three primary elements, two of which are common to all applications and environments described previously. They are the power source 160 and the communicator 121. Preferably, these two connectors are sealed and plug together to achieve an electrical link. Preferably, signal modifiable firmware 153 can be modified by plugging into connector portions 131 or 132, as shown in FIG. 3. Preferably, Second logic-processor 120 comprises at least two connection portions, whereby first connector portion 131 is used for programming, and the second connector portion 132 is used for testing and selecting certain functional options. Preferably, first connector portion 131 utilizes a ribbon-type connector. Preferably, first connector portion 131 is located on the portion of Second logic-processor 120 on which power source 160 is attached. Preferably, second connector portion 132 is located on an opposite portion from first connector portion 131.

Preferably, second connector portion 132 is used for testing and selecting certain functional options such as transmitter modulation mode, pulse widths, and frequencies. Preferably, additional connector may also be connected utilizing second connector 132. Preferably, connector portions 131 and 132 can have a variety of uses from simply a sealed cap that selects the transmission characteristics and protects the connector when used only for beacon applications, to use as a connector for power source 160, to a choice of active status sensor 150 connections that provide information regarding its host, such as power off or power on, door open or door closed, switch up or switch down, temperature hot or temperature cold, light or no light, item moving or nonmoving, etc.

Another key feature of the system is the method by which Second logic-processor 120, although configured for real time inventory tracking, can be customized for a wide variety of sensing and conditions applications that can all be read together using the same Receiver 130. Preferably, the method described herein also requires that the content of communication from Second logic-processor 120 to the Receiver 130 contain a variable word length and a variable number of words in each transmission, depending on its circumstances and instructions from First logic-processor 110. This is possible because, preferably, the Second logic-processor 120, for all these applications, is the same except for its transmission data content and the choice of desired connectors for connector portions 131 and 132. Preferably, the data encoding format is the same for all Second logic-processors 120 except for the word length, number of words in a transmission and the nature of the encoded information, although these variables are limited to a predetermined set of options, the option being identified at the beginning of the transmission. Preferably, the Universal Coding Format used in the Second logic-processor 120's transmissions contain information needed by the decoder to recognize the data as coming from a particular Second logic-processor 120 configuration. Preferably, the Universal Coding Format provides information regarding the type of the transmission encoding scheme (Transmission Type Code), an application specific group code, a unique Second logic-processor 120 code, a First logic-processor 110 code, and a variety of event status or sensor 150 data bytes, which can each have a different number of bits, or even none at all. Preferably, the nature of the encoded information is programmed into the Receiver 130 software as a look-up table and identified through the Second logic-processor 120's individual code. Preferably, database 140 comprises the encoded information.

The polling scheme can have a variety of features depending on the nature of the application. If the Second logic-processor 120 is stationary, the polling signal may either be received from a hand held PDA (serving both as a First logic-processor 110 and a Receiver 130) in order to have it send its current status and location information immediately instead of at its normal periodic rate, or the polling signal will have been received from a First logic-processor 110 located in the vicinity. Typically, the latter signal will be ignored when the Second logic-processor 120 is stationary. It is important that First logic-processor 110 (whether part of a PDA or a site-located First logic-processor 110) should have only a limited range so as to address only those Second logic-processors 120 within a desired range or radius of First logic-processor 110. Preferably, the transmission scheme is set up to have a maximum bit count for each byte, which may be different for each byte, and a maximum byte count for each word, which may be different for each byte. Preferably, there may be a different number of words in each Second logic-processor 120 transmission. Preferably, there are only a specific number of different transmission schemes that are defined by the Transmission Type Code, which is programmed into Receiver 130 memory as a look up table.

FIG. 2-00 is a perspective view of a First logic-processor 110 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Preferably, system 100 comprises First logic-processors 110. Preferably, First logic-processors 110 comprise first communicators 111, communicatively coupled with second logic-processors 120.

Preferably, each First logic-processor 110 can be programmed to send out a transmission that includes the ID of a specific Second logic-processor 120 (and/or First logic-processor 110) and each Second logic-processor 120 can be programmed to respond only if their ID is contained in a received transmission or only respond to certain preprogrammed instructions or only to respond to certain of the instructions transmitted to it by the First logic-processor 110. Preferably, First logic-processor 110 provides a security benefit by alerting authorities to the presence of a certain item in a limited access location or unauthorized removal from a location or from the building, for example, removal from a hospital of life support equipment from an area in which it is required to remain. Another example would be the operation of equipment in an unauthorized location or location intended only for storage of the equipment when not in use. Multiple pieces of the same equipment in the same location may also be an undesirable situation that can be prevented with this system, as can equipment limited to adult use, which should not be present in a children's ward. In addition, this precvention may apply to equipment that should not be used near pregnant women and hence should not be present in a maternity ward, or similar requirements in quarantined areas. Another example of use is to alert of danger that may develop if an item is moved into an area or next to another piece of equipment or person, such as oxygen or other flammable gas near an open flame or potential static sparks.

FIG. 2-01 shows the Second logic-processor 120 Second logic-processor circuit schematic with the micro-controller part 001 and the transmit hybrid TX5000 part 002. A polling Receiver 006 consisting of the tuned circuit L4 and C7, rectifier D2 and load R4. Preferably, all logic-processors 110 and 120, and Receivers 130, have the capability of transmitting and receiving in different modulation schemes for example OOK (on/off keying) or ASK (amplitude sequenced keying). The mode can be selected during the assembly process, on site, for the logic-processors 110 or 120, by attaching a cap 1121 or a sensor 150 that mechanically sets the mode. However, this can also be controlled by the microprocessor via the remote instruction method as used for setting the attenuation level. Alternatively, either system component can have two transmitters or in the case of the Reader, two receivers, one set continually for OOK modulation and the other ASK, thus providing simultaneous transmission and reception of both modes.

A resistor network 003 provides the means for onboard selection of either OOK or ASK modulation by inserting zero ohm resistors R6 and R9, or R7 and R8, respectively. Alternatively, all four of these resistors can be omitted and off board modulation decision can be made with connectors J1-9 and J1-10, shown by 004. Circuit 005 and other J2 pins provide the ability for on-board programming or subsequent reprogramming. A simple First logic-processor 006 consists of the tuned circuit L4 and C7, rectifier D2 and load R4 and a polling reception indicator 007 comprising an LED D1 that is also a means of determining battery condition by reading the voltage at the node between R3 and D1 at the micro-controller pin 2 via R6 when the LED is turned on by the polling reception signal. Also, an on-board temperature sensor 008 consists of Q1 and R5.

Preferably, the connector J1, 009, provides the connections to the power connector or power ribbon cable and also provides the connections for on-board programming and testing. Connector J2, 010 provides connections for Second logic-processor 120 testing, modulation selection and, where the application calls for it, connections to the sensor connector, sensor ribbon cable or Receiver 130 connector for coded signals. Connector 011 provides a connection for an internal flexible whip antenna that wraps around the inside of the Second logic-processor case or, in some applications, can protrude through a water tight slit in the case to provide improved range. The micro-controller (PIC16LF876A or equivalent) also has built-in temperature sensing and battery condition monitors; but when other micro-controllers are used to optimize performance that do not have these features, these alternate options are available or they can be used to provide an alternate input on these parameters.

FIG. 2-02 shows the layout of the topside of the Second logic-processor PCB 012, the Modulation Selector/Sensor connector 013, and the Power Connector/Reprogramming connector 014. A via, 015 (J3), is the flexible whip antenna connector.

FIG. 2-03 shows the layout of the bottom side of the Second logic-processor PCB 012 showing the on-board OOK/ASK selection network 016.

FIG. 2-04 shows the transmission pulse timing when OOK modulation is used. The time slot 017 is 200 uS wide and a "0" bit 018 is 40 uS wide pulse, significantly less than 50% of the time slot, while a "1" bit 019 is represented by four consecutive 40 uS wide pulses (one 160 uS pulse) that is significantly more than 50% of the time slot. One example of the use of this transmission scheme is a byte than consist of a start bit 160, a couple of sets of data bits 161 and 162, a parity bit 163 and two stop bits 164, all of this making up a word. The word may be transmitted several consecutive times (three in the example) in cases where the Receiver 130 is required to identify a word two or three times before accepting the data.

FIG. 2-05a and FIG. 2-05b show a diagram of the transmission encoding method. It shows a maximum of 80 time slots or bits, 030. Bit 1, 019, is the start bit and always a "one" followed by a five-bit byte, 020, that defines the Transmission Type, how many bytes make up the transmitted word and how many bits are in each byte. This is followed by a three-bit group code 021. These three "bytes" always make up the first nine bits transmitted. This is followed by the unique Second logic-processor code 022 that can be a byte with as many as 16 bits and a Polling code 023 with as many as 5 bits. Following this are five status or data bytes 024, 025, 026, 027, 028, each of which can have as many as eight bits. Following that there is a parity or CRC byte 029 that can have as many as 8 bits followed by two stop bits 031, both "zeros". FIG. 2-05a and FIG. 2-05b show the full eighty time-slots and the black fill shows the slots where there are transmissions. The white slots show no bits being transmitted and in the actual implementation these slots are eliminated, as shown by 032, 033, 034, 045, 036 and 037; that is why a preceding byte is needed to identify which bytes are included in the transmission and how many bits each has. This word will be transmitted several times with an interval in between that is determined by the word length and the specific nature of the application.

The polling 038 and data 039, 040, 041 bytes can consist of only one bit. In the polling case a "one" bit indicates that the Second logic-processor 120 is transmitting because of a polling instruction, a "zero" indicates that the Second logic-processor 120 transmitted according to its programmed periodicity (not polled). In the case of data bytes a single byte indicates status of a sensed input, zero or one (low or high), indicating that its monitored location is on or off, open or closed, above or below a limit, within a pair of limits or outside, or any other condition that can be represented by a single bit.

A polling byte 042 of more than one bit indicates the Second logic-processor 120 is transmitting because of a coded polling instruction and the byte represents that code. The Second logic-processor 120 can also be programmed without a polling bit at all and this indicates that the Second logic-processor 120 does not have a polling function. For other data bytes that have more than one bit, the byte represents actual data such as temperature, pressure, acceleration and humidity, or characteristics of a magnetic field, radioactivity, water quality, air contaminants or life signs, and information from thermostats, fire, smoke or security alarms. If less than five inputs are being monitored the "empty" bytes are eliminated. The Transmission Type Code includes information on the exact nature of each data byte, specifically what it represents and the bit to parameter magnitude relationship, i.e., degrees per bit, psi per bit, gauss per bit, etc., and the range of that parameter. The byte can also be used to represent a variation from a "par" value or a rate of change.

FIG. 2-06 describes a Second logic-processor 120 firmware 152 proposal for a specific application.

FIG. 2-07 describes a set of Second logic-processor 120 Transmission Periodicity Decision Tables that show a Sensor Sampling Plan and Transmission Periodicity options that might apply to a Truck Wheel Monitoring application.

FIG. 2-08 describes a set of Second logic-processor 120 Transmission Periodicity Decision Tables that show a Sensor Sampling Plan and Transmission Periodicity options that might apply to Home and Building applications. Preferably, both First logic-processors 110 and Second logic-processors 120 have the programmed capability to establish their own sampling rates and statistical analysis methods to determine the normal or typical sensed conditions of the environment, preferably the steady-state environment, in terms of absolute values, rate of change of these values and the relationships of the various sensed parameters being monitored by the First logic-processor or Second logic-processor. The result of this analysis may result in the onboard microprocessor changing the sampling rates for one or more sensors, increasing the size of a sample for one or more sensors, switching to a different analysis algorithm and determining an appropriate transmission schedule, power level and even modulation scheme.

FIG. 2-09 shows a typical Second logic-processor 120 firmware 152 flow chart for a nominal application.

FIG. 2-10a and FIG. 2-10b illustrate the various Second logic-processor 120 configuration options such as frequency, modulation mode, polling and firmware 152 options.

FIG. 2-11 and FIG. 2-12 show the means by which the test, programming and external sensor cables, and any plug in sensor or special purpose connector, include connections that select whether the Second logic-processor 120 transmits an OOK modulated signal or an ASK modulated signal, further adding to the versatility of the LITMIS product that allows field programming and field configuration, in order to optimize the system's performance for each application. In FIG. 2-27 the transmitter hybrid TX5000 01 can be connected either to operate in an OOK modulation mode or an ASK modulation mode depending on whether the transmit enable connection from the micro-controller is connected to the TX5000 pin 17 or pin 18 (the unconnected pin is grounded). To achieve this for OOK modulation, the connection (cable or connector) to the Second logic-processor 06 has four of its pins connected so that the Second logic-processor connections 02 and 03 are connected (grounding TX5000 pin 17) and connections 04 and 05 are connected (connecting TX5000 pin 18 to the micro-controller Transmit enable pin). FIG. 2-28 shows the ASK modulation where the connection (cable or connector) to the Second logic-processor 06 has four of its pins connected so that the Second logic-processor connections 02 and 04 are connected (grounding TX5000 pin 18) and connections 03 and 05 are connected (connecting TX5000 pin 17 to the micro-controller Transmit enable pin).

FIG. 2-13 shows one form of a Sensor connector where 043 is a temperature sensor, which could be a thermistor; 044 illustrates a bridge form of sensor that could be a pressure or a wide variety of bridge type sensors. The sensors are supplied by power from a voltage regulator 045 and the sensed voltages are amplified by operational amplifiers 046 and fed to comparators 047, whose outputs are delivered to the Second logic-processor 120 microprocessor.

FIG. 2-14 shows diagrams of possible designs for Second logic-processor 120 plug-in sensors; 048 shows a moisture testing probe that can be pushed into the soil and the tip of the probe has "pores" which allow a moisture sensor inside the probe to obtain a reading of relative moisture level. The Second logic-processor 120 with its power connector is simply plugged into the probe connector which includes the standard OOK or ASK selection function and other standard interconnections between sensor connectors and the Second logic-processor such as power and data lines, as well as the standard latching and sealing mechanisms. The floating pool sensor consists of a float 049 and a sensing unit 050 on the end of a "snorkel", where the sensing unit can contain a variety of elements to monitor pH, Chorine content, hardness and sensors that evaluate the water for possible dangerous contaminants. It is noted that the multi-parameter sensing unit could be built into the water filtration system in which case the Second logic-processor 120 would simply snap on to it in a similar manner to the moisture probe. An alternative form of the floating sensor would include a motion or vibration sensor (accelerometer) inside the submerged housing 051 that would provide information on momentary or sustained turbulence that might indicate something had fallen into the pool such as a small child or an elderly person.

Item 052 is a typical security sensor that detects movement of people or objects in its vicinity but designed as a plug-in Second logic-processor 120 connector; 053 is a connector that picks up polling signals; 054 monitors the status (open, open by how much or closed) or changing status (opening or closing) of doors, windows, containers, mail boxes, safes, vaults, etc; 055 represent safety monitors such as heat, fire, smoke, allergens and the presence of other harmful conditions designed as a plug-in Second logic-processor 120 connector; 056 a radioactive sensor, 057 a wind velocity sensor, 058 a rain gauge and 059 a blood pressure or pulse rate monitor. This latter application can be expanded to include anything monitoring life signs of chronically ill patients, particularly ambulatory patients who may not be under the constant care of another individual.

FIG. 2-15 shows a water Quality sensor that could be used in a pool monitoring application checking pH, chlorine concentration, hardness, etc. This Sensing Second logic-processor 120 could also include a vibration sensor that could be used to monitor water turbulence. Preferably, the Second logic-processor 120 would be programmed to sample and analyze to identify sudden changes in turbulence, typical of a person or animal falling into the pool and struggling to get out. The Receiver 130 would be programmed to distinguish between normal pool usage and unintended entry into the pool. Furthermore, the system is designed to receive information from multiple sources and analyze relationships. Children or elderly people using a pool or likely to be in the vicinity of a pool or pond could have a wrist or ankle Second logic-processor 120 with a submersion sensor that would provide further input, and a polling Receiver 130 that would provide location input when passing through a pool gate or leaving the house. Depending on how the Water Monitoring Second logic-processor 120 was situated in the pool it could also include a physical or magnetic pool level indicator.

FIG. 2-16 and FIG. 2-17 show heart beat characteristics that would be monitored by a Second logic-processor 120 attached to young babies, the elderly or chronically ill patients, along with other important life signs. Each EKG heartbeat has four positive-going voltage changes to peaks 060, 063, 069, and 068, two transition from below and cross zero volts 063 and 069; the phase of these two different wave sections can also be recorded. The fourth 068 is the start of a second heartbeat waveform P. Each heartbeat has three positive amplitudes 060, 063, and 069. These three analog parameters would be monitored and analyzed. In addition timing criteria 061, 064, 065 and the timing of the peaks 060, 063, and 069 would also be monitored. Sampling would establish norms for absolute values and the relative rate change of these characteristics which, when compared to absolute values, rate of change of values and comparison between characteristics as described in FIG. 2-08, permits anomalies requiring urgent attention to be identified.

In order to provide an effective interface between sensors of this sort and the Second logic-processor 120 microprocessor when measuring heart beat amplitudes such as R, the times are measurable from the moment the positive-going edge of R crosses zero (a little after Q) to the time the positive waveform T returns to zero, and the time from the moment one positive-going edge of R crosses zero to the same place on the "next" waveform R. This EKG Second logic-processor 120 interface connector may also include a clock, counter and timer, zero-crossing detectors, phase-angle detectors, comparators, amplitude measurements, memory and analog to digital coding. Further since "spike" R has the highest (steepest) phase angle and amplitude of the three positive wave sections in a heartbeat, this zero-crossing arid steep phase-angle (representing part of a "high" frequency waveform vs. the "low" frequency of the P and T waves) combination can be used as a start time. The negative-going wave sections from this time can be monitored and counted (Q to S, continuing through T). From start time to when the second wave section T returns to zero is the second parameter. The amplitude of all positive waveforms can be sampled, stored and counted; if the second positive waveform also has the highest phase-angle and amplitude this is R and can be can be coded.

FIG. 2-18 shows such an interface with an oscillator, timing, A/D converters, voltage reference, comparators, logic, and some memory that can also provide voltage or current to sensors. Each such interface can handle or control either one analog input/detector at a time; or with multiplexing up to six such sensors.

FIG. 2-19 shows a means for detecting the removal of a wrist or ankle Second logic-processor 120 used in instances described above. The Second logic-processor 120 Connector 070 is connected to the Power Connector 071 by a conductor 072 which passes through a clasp 073 returns to and passes under 070 around the other side of the wrist or ankle 074, to and passes under 071 back to other section of the clasp and then returns to the Power connector 071. This design makes it impossible to remove the Second logic-processor 120 from the wrist without interrupting the power supply, either by unlatching the clasp or by cutting the conductive band 074. The Second logic-processor 120 has a power storage capacitor adequate to send a final transmission when power is disconnected. A final transmission of this nature has an added bit indicating the removal of power. This data bit will remain attached to transmissions until reset, to identify removal and perhaps reconnection to another person, or simply tossed aside to sabotage tracking and monitoring functions. The key to the continuity concept is demonstrated in the Clasp Detail 075. A 4-pin plug connects to a matching 4-pin socket enabling the power wiring to cross from one to the other and return, a process that occurs both for the connection between 070 and 073, as well between 071 and 073.

FIG. 2-20 shows a system installed in a home, monitoring it for a broad range of characteristics. A single Receiver 076 placed in a central location and can receive and decode transmissions from any Second logic-processor 120 attached to any combination of sensors located on the property inside or outside the home. A fireplace 077 in the living room is monitored by Second logic-processor 078, which has temperature and smoke sensors. This may also monitor the concentration of combustion products and toxicity vapors. Similar Second logic-processor 079 and 081 are shown placed by fireplaces 080 and 082. In the event these fireplaces are gas operated, the Second logic-processor would also monitor for natural gas or propane leaks. The master bedroom Second logic-processor 120 083 would monitor in a similar manner, but in this case perhaps sensing for smoldering caused by an improperly discarded cigarette or a poorly placed candle. There could be a Second logic-processor attached to a set of life signs sensors on an elderly or chronically ill patient. Second logic-processor 084 would similarly monitor bathroom conditions but could also monitor for bath or toilet overflows or electrical problems such as shorts or ground fault over loads. Second logic-processor 085 is located in the dining room and may have an added sensor to monitor a food warmer or might monitor a normally locked china or silver cabinet for security purposes. The kitchen Second logic-processor 086 would likely have a variety of sensors with a separate Second logic-processor 120 by each appliance. With a gas range it would include a sensor for gas leaks while an electrical range would have an overload detector. Other bedroom Second logic-processor 087, 088, and 089 would be customized for the occupant, perhaps detecting for allergens, molds, bacteria or other airborne threats. Second logic-processor 090 is located outside the house perhaps by a barbeque sensing for propane leaks in addition to the temperature and other sensors. Second logic-processor 091 in the garage would sense for the same parameters as other sensors, but might also include a gasoline sensor, workbench electrical shorts and ground fault overloads. A vehicle-mounted Second logic-processor could monitor tire pressures and battery condition, alerting the owner ahead of time to a potential flat tire or dead battery in the morning. Other Second logic-processors can be monitoring movement in each room, opening and closing doors and windows, be connected to thermostats and conventional security and safety devices like fire and smoke alarms, even monitoring such obscure criteria like termite or carpenter ant infestations. Other Second logic-processors may be employed with sensors that can monitor, pool and garden gates, pools and ponds, mailboxes, even the moisture level in the soil for irrigation optimization. Solar heating systems, wind force, and earth tremors can be similarly monitored. City water can be monitored for purity and freedom from biological contaminants and for sudden surges that might indicate a leak or burst pipe when compared with motion sensors that show no one is in the house. Similarly, surges in electricity or gas usage could detect shorts or gas leaks; aand there is again the benefit of comparison with temperature rise, detection of combustion products or the detection of a high natural gas or propane concentration in the air.

FIG. 2-21 shows a high Yagi Antenna specification for achieving a desired read range.

FIG. 2-22 shows a building application with a centrally located Receiver 092 that locates Second logic-processors 093 and 094 that move, or may move, around the building, by locating fixed, coded, location First logic-processor 110 by each doorway 096, periodically along corridors 097 and at stairwells. As the moving Second logic-processor passes within the very limited range of this directional First logic-processor, it receives and decodes the polling signal, adding that code to its own. The same Receiver 130 can receive signals from other Second logic-processors monitoring various building conditions such as doors open or closed, lights on and off or the status of other items 095.

FIG. 2-23 shows a building outfitted with First logic-processor 102 that can be used to locate people, Laptop computers and other tagged assets as the move, are relocated or removed from rooms or the building, or even from one floor of the building to another. Pollable Second logic-processor 101 will pickup, extract the First logic-processor's location identification code and add it to its own identification code which it then transmits to the Receiver 103. The First logic-processor might also include an additional bit to notify the control center of the transmission, status of each door (open or closed) or even whether the light is on in the room. The key here is the very short range and directionality of the First logic-processor, that are simply another version of a Second logic-processor, with a lower power transmitter and a directional antenna where required. The Second logic-processors have been designed to be able to switch frequencies by simply a change of Transmitter hybrid component or by replacing it by a frequency programmable transmitter.

FIG. 2-24 shows a similar application to FIG. 2-23 except in this case the doorway connectors are sensing Second logic-processors, identifying open and closed doors, lights on or off, and other conditions, and transmitting the data to the Receiver 105 periodically or immediately when a change in status occurs. Preferably, the Second logic-processors, which can also be read by the Receiver, would likely be a used just for identification purposes and perhaps to provide its own sensor information. It should be noted throughout these applications that the read range of the Receiver can be programmed to limit the field being monitored. There is 16-bit remotely programmable attenuator in the Receiver before the radio frequency Receiver circuit that is used to define the read range.

FIG. 2-25 shows a Responder version of the Second logic-processor. In this application the components are only included in circuit 098 if the First logic-processor is intended to operate only when it recognizes that a Second logic-processor with a short pulse beacon is within range, it which case it will transmit its information, and where applicable its instructions, before shutting down. For First logic-processor without this circuit populated, they are programmed to transmit intermittently. As a First logic-processor 110 the temperature monitoring circuit 099 is normally not populated but in some applications temperature, or temperature history, may be part of the information to be relayed by the Second logic-processor back to the Receiver, since the Responder has only a very short range, or may be operating on a different frequency that the Receiver. An example of this application might be a Responder that is monitoring an environment but there is no requirement to